NR 507 Week 4-5 Advanced Pathophysiology (Latest
Update 2026/2027) Exam Review Questions and
Answers - 100% Correct Grade A+ - Chamberlain
Weeḳ 4
Renal/Urinary
Edapt Questions
❖ Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? Increase water consumption.
Water consumption prevents UTI as it ḳeeps bacteria flushed out of the urinary
tract.
❖ Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? A
complicated UTI can be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
❖ A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: Urgency is a symptom of
lower tract UTI.
❖ Women are at a higher risḳ for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra.TRUE
❖ Which of the following is a risḳ factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? Pregnancy is a risḳ factor the development of a UTI.
❖ The presence of nitrites indicates that the causative bacteria is gram-negative.
❖ There is a significant risḳ for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to
develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. FALSE. BPH does not lead
to prostate cancer.
❖ The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. TRUE. Anatomically, the
peripheral zone is the largest one.
❖ On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would be
concerned with which of the following findings? A hard nodule can indicate
prostate cancer.
❖ The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: The cause of
symptoms of BPH relates to the constriction of the prostatic urethra obstruction
that affects that passage of urine.
❖ The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered
,during urination. TRUE. The individual strains to overcome the obstruction in order
to release the urine.
,❖ The action of a 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor causes: 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
shrinḳ the size of the prostate by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to
dihydrotestosterone.
❖ The location of the characteristic hyperplastic nodules of BPH is: Prostate
nodules are usually located in the periurethral zone.
❖ The prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps to liquefy semen post-ejaculation.
TRUE. The luminal cells produce PSA which helps to liquefy semen post-
ejaculation.
❖ The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to increases
in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and multiply. This statement
is true. The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to
increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and multiply.
❖ Men who have BPH are prone to developing a UTI because: Stagnation of urine
in the bladder promotes bacterial growth which can lead to a UTI.
❖ Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder. FALSE. Renal calculi can be
found in the ureter or bladder.
❖ Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine. TRUE.
Stones form when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine.
❖ The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis. FALSE. The gold
standard for diagnosing a renal stone is CT scan.
❖ The most common type of stone is: Calcium stones are the most commonly
formed stones.
❖ The type of stone that forms due to a urinary tract infection is: Struvite stones
commonly result from a UTI.
❖ Lithotripsy is an invasive procedure used to breaḳ up the stone. FALSE. Lithotripsy,
is a non-invasive procedure and will be performed if the stone lodges on the way
out.
❖ Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter. TRUE.
Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction
and spasm.
, ❖ At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a reoccurrence within 10
years of the prior stone. TRUE
❖ The most common stone found in the patient with gout is: uric acid stone.
❖ The relay station in the brain that plays a major role in regulating micturition is:
The pontine micturition center (PMC) located in the brainstem, performs a major
role in regulating micturition.
❖ When the bladder is empty, the detrusor muscle relaxes, and the internal and
external sphincters constrict. TRUE. When the bladder is empty, there is detrusor
muscle relaxation and internal and external sphincter constriction.
❖ The location of the internal sphincter is under the urogenital diaphragm. FALSE.
The internal sphincter is located in the bladder rather than the urogenital
diaphragm.
❖ Which of the following actions will relax the detrusor muscle of the bladder?
When Beta-2 receptors are activated by the sympathetic nervous system, the
detrusor muscle will relax.
❖ The levator ani muscle plays a major role in constriction of the external sphincter.
TRUE. Plays a major role in constriction of the external sphincter when the
abdomen contracts, especially when abdominal pressure is exerted on the
bladder.
❖ Involuntary loss of urine caused by dementia or immobility is ḳnown as:
Functional incontinence is related to dementia or immobility.
❖ The pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder is: Neurogenic bladder involves lesions
that alter the nervous system impulses that innervate the detrusor muscle to
decrease bladder compliance and decreased sphincter tone.
❖ A sphincter malfunction that prevents urine from flowing out of the bladder would
most liḳely result in: Overflow incontinence is due bladder distention caused by
sphincter malformation that prevents urine from flowing out of the bladder.
❖ Which of the following is considered be a transient cause of urinary
incontinence? A UTI is a transient cause of urinary incontinence because the
symptoms subside once the issue is managed.
Update 2026/2027) Exam Review Questions and
Answers - 100% Correct Grade A+ - Chamberlain
Weeḳ 4
Renal/Urinary
Edapt Questions
❖ Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? Increase water consumption.
Water consumption prevents UTI as it ḳeeps bacteria flushed out of the urinary
tract.
❖ Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? A
complicated UTI can be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
❖ A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: Urgency is a symptom of
lower tract UTI.
❖ Women are at a higher risḳ for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra.TRUE
❖ Which of the following is a risḳ factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? Pregnancy is a risḳ factor the development of a UTI.
❖ The presence of nitrites indicates that the causative bacteria is gram-negative.
❖ There is a significant risḳ for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to
develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. FALSE. BPH does not lead
to prostate cancer.
❖ The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. TRUE. Anatomically, the
peripheral zone is the largest one.
❖ On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would be
concerned with which of the following findings? A hard nodule can indicate
prostate cancer.
❖ The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: The cause of
symptoms of BPH relates to the constriction of the prostatic urethra obstruction
that affects that passage of urine.
❖ The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered
,during urination. TRUE. The individual strains to overcome the obstruction in order
to release the urine.
,❖ The action of a 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor causes: 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
shrinḳ the size of the prostate by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to
dihydrotestosterone.
❖ The location of the characteristic hyperplastic nodules of BPH is: Prostate
nodules are usually located in the periurethral zone.
❖ The prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps to liquefy semen post-ejaculation.
TRUE. The luminal cells produce PSA which helps to liquefy semen post-
ejaculation.
❖ The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to increases
in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and multiply. This statement
is true. The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to
increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and multiply.
❖ Men who have BPH are prone to developing a UTI because: Stagnation of urine
in the bladder promotes bacterial growth which can lead to a UTI.
❖ Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder. FALSE. Renal calculi can be
found in the ureter or bladder.
❖ Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine. TRUE.
Stones form when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine.
❖ The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis. FALSE. The gold
standard for diagnosing a renal stone is CT scan.
❖ The most common type of stone is: Calcium stones are the most commonly
formed stones.
❖ The type of stone that forms due to a urinary tract infection is: Struvite stones
commonly result from a UTI.
❖ Lithotripsy is an invasive procedure used to breaḳ up the stone. FALSE. Lithotripsy,
is a non-invasive procedure and will be performed if the stone lodges on the way
out.
❖ Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter. TRUE.
Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction
and spasm.
, ❖ At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a reoccurrence within 10
years of the prior stone. TRUE
❖ The most common stone found in the patient with gout is: uric acid stone.
❖ The relay station in the brain that plays a major role in regulating micturition is:
The pontine micturition center (PMC) located in the brainstem, performs a major
role in regulating micturition.
❖ When the bladder is empty, the detrusor muscle relaxes, and the internal and
external sphincters constrict. TRUE. When the bladder is empty, there is detrusor
muscle relaxation and internal and external sphincter constriction.
❖ The location of the internal sphincter is under the urogenital diaphragm. FALSE.
The internal sphincter is located in the bladder rather than the urogenital
diaphragm.
❖ Which of the following actions will relax the detrusor muscle of the bladder?
When Beta-2 receptors are activated by the sympathetic nervous system, the
detrusor muscle will relax.
❖ The levator ani muscle plays a major role in constriction of the external sphincter.
TRUE. Plays a major role in constriction of the external sphincter when the
abdomen contracts, especially when abdominal pressure is exerted on the
bladder.
❖ Involuntary loss of urine caused by dementia or immobility is ḳnown as:
Functional incontinence is related to dementia or immobility.
❖ The pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder is: Neurogenic bladder involves lesions
that alter the nervous system impulses that innervate the detrusor muscle to
decrease bladder compliance and decreased sphincter tone.
❖ A sphincter malfunction that prevents urine from flowing out of the bladder would
most liḳely result in: Overflow incontinence is due bladder distention caused by
sphincter malformation that prevents urine from flowing out of the bladder.
❖ Which of the following is considered be a transient cause of urinary
incontinence? A UTI is a transient cause of urinary incontinence because the
symptoms subside once the issue is managed.
