NURS 328 - QUIZ 1 EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework
a framework for asking well-worded questions and searching for evidence
deductive reasoning
reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from that theory, and then
collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type of reasoning goes from general
to specific
Inductive reasoning
involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns in those observations,
and then theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning goes from specific to general.
Epistemology
the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology
the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
Paradigm
describes a particular way of looking at things that encompasses both philosophical assumptions
and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
Quantitative research
research conducted to investigate questions to be answered using a rigorous design involving
measurement and quantification
Qualitative research
the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth manner to investigate phenomena using a
flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive terms
objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms
subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism, multiple truths
Quantitative approach
based on positivism, experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth, one reality
,Qualitative approach
based on interpretivism and constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
mixed methods research
uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing claims about
the relationships between attributes and outcomes
phenomena
observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
statistical data
quantitative information obtained from government agencies, businesses, research studies, and
other entities that collect data for their own or others' use
Textual data
Documents and/or images which have become recorded without the intervention of a researcher
(e.g. through an interview).
Themes
Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables
factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the
independent variable.
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
quantitative and qualitative studies
- are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies
tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
, Quantitative studies
tend to involve examination of dependent and independent variables that are often expressed in a
predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative studies
often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are sometimes expressed using themes
data in quantitative studies
often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research studies
involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data to answer the research
questions
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the influence or cause) on teenagers'
emotional well-being (the outcome or effect).
What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's emotional well-being?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the relaxation intervention (the cause or influence) on
surgical patients' pain levels (the outcome or effect).
2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does a relaxation intervention reduce pain
levels?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of amounts of daily sleep (the cause or influence) on
medication errors (the outcome or effect).
3. Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower amounts of daily sleep associated with a
higher incidence of medication errors?
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
The question concerns the effect of children's anger (the cause or influence) on the onset of
an asthmatic attack (the outcome or effect).
4. In school-age children with asthma, is anger a trigger for an asthmatic attack?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of gender (the influence) on medication compliance (the
outcome or effect).
5. Do male versus female schizophrenics differ with regard to medication compliance?
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework
a framework for asking well-worded questions and searching for evidence
deductive reasoning
reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from that theory, and then
collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type of reasoning goes from general
to specific
Inductive reasoning
involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns in those observations,
and then theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning goes from specific to general.
Epistemology
the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology
the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
Paradigm
describes a particular way of looking at things that encompasses both philosophical assumptions
and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
Quantitative research
research conducted to investigate questions to be answered using a rigorous design involving
measurement and quantification
Qualitative research
the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth manner to investigate phenomena using a
flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive terms
objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms
subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism, multiple truths
Quantitative approach
based on positivism, experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth, one reality
,Qualitative approach
based on interpretivism and constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
mixed methods research
uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing claims about
the relationships between attributes and outcomes
phenomena
observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
statistical data
quantitative information obtained from government agencies, businesses, research studies, and
other entities that collect data for their own or others' use
Textual data
Documents and/or images which have become recorded without the intervention of a researcher
(e.g. through an interview).
Themes
Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables
factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the
independent variable.
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
quantitative and qualitative studies
- are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies
tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
, Quantitative studies
tend to involve examination of dependent and independent variables that are often expressed in a
predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative studies
often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are sometimes expressed using themes
data in quantitative studies
often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research studies
involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data to answer the research
questions
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the influence or cause) on teenagers'
emotional well-being (the outcome or effect).
What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's emotional well-being?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the relaxation intervention (the cause or influence) on
surgical patients' pain levels (the outcome or effect).
2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does a relaxation intervention reduce pain
levels?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of amounts of daily sleep (the cause or influence) on
medication errors (the outcome or effect).
3. Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower amounts of daily sleep associated with a
higher incidence of medication errors?
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
The question concerns the effect of children's anger (the cause or influence) on the onset of
an asthmatic attack (the outcome or effect).
4. In school-age children with asthma, is anger a trigger for an asthmatic attack?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of gender (the influence) on medication compliance (the
outcome or effect).
5. Do male versus female schizophrenics differ with regard to medication compliance?
