NURS 1160 MIDTERM EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Infection
Invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease.
Define the six steps/parts in the chain of infection
1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Susceptible host
Define microorganism
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size. Include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa
Define pathogen
A microorganism that causes disease
Define communicable disease
A disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another. (infectious or contagious)
Define colonization
The presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage
Symptomatic
A disease where pathogens multiply and and cause clinical signs and symptoms.
Asymptomatic
A disease where there are no clinical signs or symptoms present.
Virulence
A microorganism's ability to produce disease.
Immunocompromised
Having an impaired immune system.
Reservoir
A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host.
,Localized
An infection that occurs only in one area (i.e. a wound infection).
Systemic
An infection that affects the entire body.
Normal floras
Microorganisms that don't cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body but instead
participate in maintaining health.
Superinfection
An infection that develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal
flora organisms, not just the ones causing infection.
Inflammation
The protective cellular response of the body to injury, infection, or irritation.
Necrotic
Of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury.
Inflammatory Exudate can be:
Serous (clear, watery)
Sanguineous (bloody drainage)
Serosanguineous (thin watery drainage with blood)
Purulent (thick drainage containing pus)
Exudates
Fluid and cells, such as pus or serum, that are discharged from cells or blood vessels.
Edema
Localized swelling that results from accumulation of fluid.
Serous
Exudate that is clear.
Sanguineous
Exudate that contains red blood cells.
Purulent
Exudate that contains white blood cells and bacteria.
Health care associated infections
, Infections that result from the delivery of health services in a health care facility due to invasive
procedures, antibiotic administration, the presence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs),
and breaks in infection prevention and control.
Multidrug resistant organisms
What does "MDROs" stand for?
Exogenous infection
An infection that comes from microorganisms found outside the individual.
Endogenous infection
An infection resulting from part of a patient's flora becoming altered and overgrowing
Iatrogenic infections
A type of HAI caused by an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.
Define nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization (HAI)
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
Meticulous hand hygiene practice, the use of chlorhexidine washes for bathing and personal
hygiene care, and advances in ICU infection prevention are mechanisms to prevent what?
Types of precautions
standard, airborne, droplet, contact
Standard precautions
Guidelines recommended by the CDC to reduce risk of transmission of bloodborn and other
pathogens in hospitals.
Droplet precautions
Precautions used to protect against the spread of pathogens via large droplets expelled into the
air within 3 feet of a patient.
Requires a surgical mask when within 3 feet of a patient; proper hand hygiene; and some
dedicated-care equipment.
Contact precautions
Precautions used to protect against the spread of pathogens via direct contact (contaminated
bodily fluids) or indirect contact (Transfer through a contaminated intermediate object).
Requires a gown and gloves.
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Infection
Invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease.
Define the six steps/parts in the chain of infection
1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Susceptible host
Define microorganism
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size. Include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa
Define pathogen
A microorganism that causes disease
Define communicable disease
A disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another. (infectious or contagious)
Define colonization
The presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage
Symptomatic
A disease where pathogens multiply and and cause clinical signs and symptoms.
Asymptomatic
A disease where there are no clinical signs or symptoms present.
Virulence
A microorganism's ability to produce disease.
Immunocompromised
Having an impaired immune system.
Reservoir
A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host.
,Localized
An infection that occurs only in one area (i.e. a wound infection).
Systemic
An infection that affects the entire body.
Normal floras
Microorganisms that don't cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body but instead
participate in maintaining health.
Superinfection
An infection that develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal
flora organisms, not just the ones causing infection.
Inflammation
The protective cellular response of the body to injury, infection, or irritation.
Necrotic
Of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury.
Inflammatory Exudate can be:
Serous (clear, watery)
Sanguineous (bloody drainage)
Serosanguineous (thin watery drainage with blood)
Purulent (thick drainage containing pus)
Exudates
Fluid and cells, such as pus or serum, that are discharged from cells or blood vessels.
Edema
Localized swelling that results from accumulation of fluid.
Serous
Exudate that is clear.
Sanguineous
Exudate that contains red blood cells.
Purulent
Exudate that contains white blood cells and bacteria.
Health care associated infections
, Infections that result from the delivery of health services in a health care facility due to invasive
procedures, antibiotic administration, the presence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs),
and breaks in infection prevention and control.
Multidrug resistant organisms
What does "MDROs" stand for?
Exogenous infection
An infection that comes from microorganisms found outside the individual.
Endogenous infection
An infection resulting from part of a patient's flora becoming altered and overgrowing
Iatrogenic infections
A type of HAI caused by an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.
Define nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization (HAI)
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
Meticulous hand hygiene practice, the use of chlorhexidine washes for bathing and personal
hygiene care, and advances in ICU infection prevention are mechanisms to prevent what?
Types of precautions
standard, airborne, droplet, contact
Standard precautions
Guidelines recommended by the CDC to reduce risk of transmission of bloodborn and other
pathogens in hospitals.
Droplet precautions
Precautions used to protect against the spread of pathogens via large droplets expelled into the
air within 3 feet of a patient.
Requires a surgical mask when within 3 feet of a patient; proper hand hygiene; and some
dedicated-care equipment.
Contact precautions
Precautions used to protect against the spread of pathogens via direct contact (contaminated
bodily fluids) or indirect contact (Transfer through a contaminated intermediate object).
Requires a gown and gloves.
