TEST BANK FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH, 4TH EDITION, MICHAEL MCKINLEY, VALERIE O'LOUGHLIN, THERESA BIDLE UPDATED 2026 VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS

TEST BANK FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH, 4TH EDITION, MICHAEL MCKINLEY, VALERIE O'LOUGHLIN, THERESA BIDLE UPDATED 2026 VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS   Table of Contents 1. The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology 2. Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 3. Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration 4. Biology of the Cell 5. Tissue Organization 6. Integumentary System 7. Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function 8. Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton 9. Skeletal System: Articulations 10. Muscle Tissue 11. Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles 12. Nervous System: Nervous Tissue 13. Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves 14. Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 15. Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System 16. Nervous System: Senses 17. Endocrine System 18. Cardiovascular System: Blood 19. Cardiovascular System: Heart 20. Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation 21. Lymphatic System 22. The Immune System and the Body’s Defense 23. Respiratory System 24. Urinary System 25. Fluid and Electrolytes 26. Digestive System 27. Nutrition and Metabolism 28. Reproductive System 29. Development, Pregnancy, and Heredity   CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Summary This chapter introduces anatomy and physiology as complementary sciences, emphasizing levels of organization, homeostasis, anatomical terminology, body planes, cavities, and systems. Understanding structure–function relationships supports clinical reasoning, accurate communication, patient safety, and foundational nursing assessment skills essential for effective, evidence-based practice across healthcare settings. ________________________________________ 1. Which statement best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology? A. Anatomy studies disease, while physiology studies treatment B. Anatomy focuses on structure, and physiology focuses on function C. Physiology explains body parts, while anatomy explains body processes D. Anatomy and physiology are unrelated sciences Correct Answer: B Rationale: Anatomy examines body structures, while physiology explains how those structures function together. Understanding both is essential for interpreting normal and abnormal clinical findings. 2. A nurse explains that organs working together to perform a specific function form which level of organization? A. Cellular B. Tissue C. Organ D. Organ system Correct Answer: D Rationale: An organ system consists of multiple organs coordinating to perform a common function, such as digestion or circulation. 3. Which example best illustrates the principle of homeostasis? A. Increased heart rate during exercise B. Constant blood glucose despite fasting C. Regulated body temperature through sweating D. Growth of muscle after weight training Correct Answer: C Rationale: Homeostasis maintains internal balance; sweating helps regulate body temperature in response to environmental changes. 4. A patient has an injury described as “proximal to the wrist.” Where is the injury located? A. On the fingers B. Near the elbow C. On the palm D. At the shoulder Correct Answer: B Rationale: Proximal means closer to the trunk or point of attachment; the elbow is proximal to the wrist.