Midterm Exam Anatomy and Physiology McGraw Hill Part 2 ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Exam with precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
enzymes
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Anabolism
Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Catabolism
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
active site ||\\//||
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
dehydration synthesis ||\\//||
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
removal of a water molecule. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Substrate
The reactant on which an enzyme works.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cellular respiration ||\\//||
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
presence of oxygen ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, citric acid cycle ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
electron transport chain ||\\//|| ||\\//||
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Genomes
All the genetic material in an organism
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Exome
Small portion of the genome that codes for proteins
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Translation
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Mutation
A change in a gene or chromosome.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA
in nucleus
||\\//||
deoxyribose
double stranded ||\\//||
C,G,A,T
replicates prior to cell division ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contains info for protein synthesis. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
RNA
in cytoplasm
||\\//||
ribose
Exam with precise detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
enzymes
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Anabolism
Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Catabolism
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
active site ||\\//||
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
dehydration synthesis ||\\//||
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
removal of a water molecule. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Substrate
The reactant on which an enzyme works.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cellular respiration ||\\//||
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
presence of oxygen ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, citric acid cycle ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
electron transport chain ||\\//|| ||\\//||
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Genomes
All the genetic material in an organism
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Exome
Small portion of the genome that codes for proteins
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Translation
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Mutation
A change in a gene or chromosome.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA
in nucleus
||\\//||
deoxyribose
double stranded ||\\//||
C,G,A,T
replicates prior to cell division ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contains info for protein synthesis. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
RNA
in cytoplasm
||\\//||
ribose
