NURN 160: METABOLISM: DIABETES: TEST QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
1) What are the major classifications of diabetes? -- Answer ✔✔ Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA)
2) Prediabetes -- Answer ✔✔ a condition in which blood glucose concentrations fall
between normal levels and those considered diagnostic for diabetes
- classified as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose
(IFG)
- Fasting blood glucose: 100-125 mg /dL
- Casual BG: 140-199 mg/dL
3) Type 1 Diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ characterized by the destruction of the
pancreatic beta cells
- beta cell destruction may be cause by genetic, immunologic, and possibly
environmental factors
- destruction of the beta cells results in decreased insulin production,
increased glucose production by the liver, and fasting hyperglycemia.
- usually occurs in younger people
4) signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ Weight loss: -thin,
catabolic
, Sudden onset of symptoms
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Infections
Ketosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hypovolemic shock
Diabetic coma
Severe acidosis leads to coma & death
5) treatment of type 1 diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ Self-monitoring of blood glucose
(SMBG)
Insulin
Oral anti-diabetic medications
Nutritional therapy
Exercise
6) Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) -- Answer ✔✔ metabolic derangement that occurs
most commonly in persons with type 1 diabetes and results from a deficiency of
insulin
- highly acidic ketone bodies are formed, and metabolic acidosis occurs.
7) signs and symptoms of DKA -- Answer ✔✔ - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
nausea, vomiting
- fatigue with eventual stupor and coma if not treated
- fruity breath
- Elevated ketones
- weight loss
- tachycardia
- hypotension
8) treatment of DKA -- Answer ✔✔ Monitor blood glucose at least every 1 hour
Insulin: IV drip, sub Q regular insulin as needed
- IV normal saline: 500cc/hour with potassium
, - After 2-3 hours or when blood pressure normalizes change to 0.45 normal
saline at 200-300cc/hr with potassium
- Dextrose: when BG reaches 250 mg/dL dextrose is added to IV fluids to
avoid drop in BG (causes cerebral edema)
- ICU: monitored bed required due to cardiac dysrhythmias from electrolyte
imbalance
- Monitor acidosis levels
9) What will the following lab tests look like in DKA:
Blood glucose
Serum ketones
Urine ketones
Serum pH
Serum HCO3
Serum K+
BUN -- Answer ✔✔ Blood glucose: over 300 - 800 mg/dL
Serum ketones: positive
Urine ketones: positive
Serum pH: 6.8 - 7.3
Serum HCO3: 0 - 15 mEq/L
Serum K+: low in severe DKA
BUN: increased, >20 mg/dL due to dehydration
10) type 2 diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ characterized by insulin resistance and impaired
insulin secretion
- occurs more commonly among people who are older than 30 years and
who have obesity
- associated with a slow, progressive glucose intolerance, its onset may go
undetected for many years
- uncontrolled type 2 diabetes may lead to hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
syndrome (HHS)
11) insulin resistance -- Answer ✔✔ when insulin is less effective in both the liver
and in the peripheral tissue resulting in higher BG.
CORRECT ANSWERS
1) What are the major classifications of diabetes? -- Answer ✔✔ Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA)
2) Prediabetes -- Answer ✔✔ a condition in which blood glucose concentrations fall
between normal levels and those considered diagnostic for diabetes
- classified as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose
(IFG)
- Fasting blood glucose: 100-125 mg /dL
- Casual BG: 140-199 mg/dL
3) Type 1 Diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ characterized by the destruction of the
pancreatic beta cells
- beta cell destruction may be cause by genetic, immunologic, and possibly
environmental factors
- destruction of the beta cells results in decreased insulin production,
increased glucose production by the liver, and fasting hyperglycemia.
- usually occurs in younger people
4) signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ Weight loss: -thin,
catabolic
, Sudden onset of symptoms
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Infections
Ketosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hypovolemic shock
Diabetic coma
Severe acidosis leads to coma & death
5) treatment of type 1 diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ Self-monitoring of blood glucose
(SMBG)
Insulin
Oral anti-diabetic medications
Nutritional therapy
Exercise
6) Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) -- Answer ✔✔ metabolic derangement that occurs
most commonly in persons with type 1 diabetes and results from a deficiency of
insulin
- highly acidic ketone bodies are formed, and metabolic acidosis occurs.
7) signs and symptoms of DKA -- Answer ✔✔ - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
nausea, vomiting
- fatigue with eventual stupor and coma if not treated
- fruity breath
- Elevated ketones
- weight loss
- tachycardia
- hypotension
8) treatment of DKA -- Answer ✔✔ Monitor blood glucose at least every 1 hour
Insulin: IV drip, sub Q regular insulin as needed
- IV normal saline: 500cc/hour with potassium
, - After 2-3 hours or when blood pressure normalizes change to 0.45 normal
saline at 200-300cc/hr with potassium
- Dextrose: when BG reaches 250 mg/dL dextrose is added to IV fluids to
avoid drop in BG (causes cerebral edema)
- ICU: monitored bed required due to cardiac dysrhythmias from electrolyte
imbalance
- Monitor acidosis levels
9) What will the following lab tests look like in DKA:
Blood glucose
Serum ketones
Urine ketones
Serum pH
Serum HCO3
Serum K+
BUN -- Answer ✔✔ Blood glucose: over 300 - 800 mg/dL
Serum ketones: positive
Urine ketones: positive
Serum pH: 6.8 - 7.3
Serum HCO3: 0 - 15 mEq/L
Serum K+: low in severe DKA
BUN: increased, >20 mg/dL due to dehydration
10) type 2 diabetes -- Answer ✔✔ characterized by insulin resistance and impaired
insulin secretion
- occurs more commonly among people who are older than 30 years and
who have obesity
- associated with a slow, progressive glucose intolerance, its onset may go
undetected for many years
- uncontrolled type 2 diabetes may lead to hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
syndrome (HHS)
11) insulin resistance -- Answer ✔✔ when insulin is less effective in both the liver
and in the peripheral tissue resulting in higher BG.
