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HESI Anatomy and Physiology Exam with accurate detailed solutions

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HESI Anatomy and Physiology Exam with accurate detailed solutions

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HESI - Anatomy & Physiology
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HESI - Anatomy & Physiology

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HESI Anatomy and Physiology Exam with accurate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




detailed solutions ||\\//||




homeostasis - correct answer✔✔body's maintenance of a stable environment ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




receptors - correct answer✔✔molecule or cell that provides information about the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




environment



control center (and set point) - correct answer✔✔indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




effectors - correct answer✔✔What elicits a response that alters conditions within the body's
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
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negative feedback - correct answer✔✔When receptors measure deviations from the set
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point and effectors
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance is called .........
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




positive feedback - correct answer✔✔Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more changes, is
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called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism - correct answer✔✔Levels of ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




organization



organelle - correct answer✔✔Cell components that perform a specific function
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cells - correct answer✔✔Basic unit of structure and function
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,tissues - correct answer✔✔Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have specific
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




functions
||\\//||




organs - correct answer✔✔Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




tissues)



Organ systems - correct answer✔✔Groups of organs that function together closely
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Organism - correct answer✔✔Comprised of an interacting organ system ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




superior - correct answer✔✔above, or closer to the head ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




inferior - correct answer✔✔below, or closer to the feet
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Anterior (Ventral) - correct answer✔✔Toward the front ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Posterior (Dorsal) - correct answer✔✔Toward the back ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




medial - correct answer✔✔Toward the midline
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




lateral - correct answer✔✔Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
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Median (saggital) plane - correct answer✔✔Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




right and left portions
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

,Coronal/Frontal plane - correct answer✔✔Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




anterior and posterior portions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Transverse (cross-sectional) - correct answer✔✔Imaginary horizontal line dividing the body
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into superior and inferior
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Dorsal cavities (near the back) - correct answer✔✔Cranial and spinal cavity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Cranial cavity - correct answer✔✔Cavity that contains the brain
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Spinal cavity (vertebral) - correct answer✔✔Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




vertebrae



orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




(peritoneal) - correct answer✔✔Ventral cavities (near the front of the body) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




orbits - correct answer✔✔Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




nerves



Nasal cavity - correct answer✔✔Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
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Oral cavity - correct answer✔✔Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




thoracic cavity - correct answer✔✔Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Mediastinum - correct answer✔✔Space between the lungs that contains the heart, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




esophagus, trachea, and thymus ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

, Pericardial cavity - correct answer✔✔Potential space between the visceral pericardium and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




the parietal pericardium
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middle ear cavities - correct answer✔✔Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Pleural cavities (lungs) - correct answer✔✔Cavities (right and left) that are the potential
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
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Abdominopelvic cavity - correct answer✔✔Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines,
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urinary bladder, and reproductive organs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Peritoneal cavity - correct answer✔✔Cavity that is the potential space between the parietal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




and visceral peritoneal membranes
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Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is the inside
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layer, covering the lung) - correct answer✔✔Body cavity membrane: which is a serous
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




membrane that lines the lungs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral is the inside
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




layer, covering the heart) - correct answer✔✔Body cavity membrane: which serous
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




membrane lines the heart? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the outside layer which lines the cavity, visceral is the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




inside layer, lining the organs) - correct answer✔✔Body cavity membrane: Which serous
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity? ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue - correct answer✔✔Four major tissue types
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

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