Final Exam Study Guide APHY 101 Ivy Tech
1. anatomy: The study of structure and the relationships between structures is
_______________.
2. physiology: The study of the function of body parts is _______________.
3. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems: What are the levels of
organization and define each.
4. organelle: cell structures that carry out special functions in a cell
5. cell: basic unit of structure & function in a living thing
6. Tissue: A group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job.
7. organ: A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
8. organ system: Group of organs that work together to perform a specific
function
9. organism: a living thing made of a group of organ systems
10. Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Assimilation
Excretion: What are the characteristics of Life?
11. Water food oxygen heat pressure: What are the requirements of life?
12. The body's ability to keep its internal conditions stable, so that it's cells
can survive: Define homeostasis
13. Receptors control center effectors: What is a homeostatic mechanism?
14. atom: is the basic unit of matter.
15. matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
16. element: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by
chemical means.
17. atom: The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element
18. protons
neurtrons: What is the structure of an atom
19 neuclus: is the boss of the cell it carries dna it is responsible for reproduction
and making protein it also has two layers
,20. covalent bonds: when atoms share electrons
21. ionic bonds: When cations and anions may bind together by electrostatic
interactions; they form salts
22. hydrogen bonds: a weak attraction formed when a hydrogen atom of one
molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom within either the same
molecule or a different molecule
23. synthesis: the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler
materials.
24. decomposition: breakdown is the separation of a chemical compound into
elements or simpler compounds
25. reactant: a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a
reaction
26. product: The substances that result from this recombination of atoms
27. acid: an electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion 28.
base: Substances that combine with H+ and make a solution less acidic.
Represented by OH-
29. ph scale: unit of measurement that indicates how many H+ ions are in a
solution
30. organic molecules: molecule containing carbon atoms; carbs, proteins, lipids
31. inorganic molecules: chemical substance that is not organic; water,
acids, bases
32. dehydration synthesis: chemical reaction in which water is formed during
formation of a complex molecule
33. hydrolysis: chemical reaction in which water is used during the breakdown
of a complex molecule
34. carbohydrate: an organic molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen 35. lipids: any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or
their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They
include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
36. protein: organic molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acid
monomers
37. nucleic acid: an organic molecule composed of nucleotide monomers; in DNA
and RNA. These store genetic information in the cell
38. Triglycerides: lipid providing long-term energy storage in adipose connective
tissue; composed of glycerol and three fatty acids
, .
39. phospholipids: lipid that form bilayers of the plasma membrane
40. steroids: groups of lipids including bile salts, cholesterol, and some
hormones; molecule is composed of four attached hydrocarbon rings
41 tryglycerides: provide your body with energy, but their main function is to store
energy for later use. The food you eat contains calories in the form of carbohydrates,
protein and fat.
42. steroid: hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions,
salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability
to withstand illness and injury.
43. amino acid: organic molecule used to build proteins; contains both an amine
group and carboxyl group
44. enzymes: Many of these types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition,
exchange, and reversible) need what to speed up the reaction with lower
amounts of energy
45. dna: deoxyribose with an additional OH
46. rna: ribose
47. DNA: appears as a Double Helix. It appears like a twisted ladder. Within the
structures are rungs represented by Four-letter alphabet. The spiral is also
made up of sugar and phosphate
48. RNA: a spiraling thread with bases sticking out towards the center. It also
consists of sugar, phosphates and nitrogenous bases
49. DNA: • A (Adenine)
• G (Guanine)
• C (Cytosine)
• T (Thymine)
50. RNA: • A (Adenine)
• G (Guanine)
• C (Cytosine)
• U (Uracil)
51. Thymine: Adenine pairs with (DNA)
52. Guanine: Cytosine pairs with
53. Urecile: Adenine pairs with (RNA)
54. DNA: • Replication of genetic information
• Transfer of genetic information
55. RNA: • Carry genetic information
1. anatomy: The study of structure and the relationships between structures is
_______________.
2. physiology: The study of the function of body parts is _______________.
3. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems: What are the levels of
organization and define each.
4. organelle: cell structures that carry out special functions in a cell
5. cell: basic unit of structure & function in a living thing
6. Tissue: A group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job.
7. organ: A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
8. organ system: Group of organs that work together to perform a specific
function
9. organism: a living thing made of a group of organ systems
10. Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Assimilation
Excretion: What are the characteristics of Life?
11. Water food oxygen heat pressure: What are the requirements of life?
12. The body's ability to keep its internal conditions stable, so that it's cells
can survive: Define homeostasis
13. Receptors control center effectors: What is a homeostatic mechanism?
14. atom: is the basic unit of matter.
15. matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
16. element: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by
chemical means.
17. atom: The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element
18. protons
neurtrons: What is the structure of an atom
19 neuclus: is the boss of the cell it carries dna it is responsible for reproduction
and making protein it also has two layers
,20. covalent bonds: when atoms share electrons
21. ionic bonds: When cations and anions may bind together by electrostatic
interactions; they form salts
22. hydrogen bonds: a weak attraction formed when a hydrogen atom of one
molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom within either the same
molecule or a different molecule
23. synthesis: the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler
materials.
24. decomposition: breakdown is the separation of a chemical compound into
elements or simpler compounds
25. reactant: a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a
reaction
26. product: The substances that result from this recombination of atoms
27. acid: an electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion 28.
base: Substances that combine with H+ and make a solution less acidic.
Represented by OH-
29. ph scale: unit of measurement that indicates how many H+ ions are in a
solution
30. organic molecules: molecule containing carbon atoms; carbs, proteins, lipids
31. inorganic molecules: chemical substance that is not organic; water,
acids, bases
32. dehydration synthesis: chemical reaction in which water is formed during
formation of a complex molecule
33. hydrolysis: chemical reaction in which water is used during the breakdown
of a complex molecule
34. carbohydrate: an organic molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen 35. lipids: any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or
their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They
include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
36. protein: organic molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acid
monomers
37. nucleic acid: an organic molecule composed of nucleotide monomers; in DNA
and RNA. These store genetic information in the cell
38. Triglycerides: lipid providing long-term energy storage in adipose connective
tissue; composed of glycerol and three fatty acids
, .
39. phospholipids: lipid that form bilayers of the plasma membrane
40. steroids: groups of lipids including bile salts, cholesterol, and some
hormones; molecule is composed of four attached hydrocarbon rings
41 tryglycerides: provide your body with energy, but their main function is to store
energy for later use. The food you eat contains calories in the form of carbohydrates,
protein and fat.
42. steroid: hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions,
salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability
to withstand illness and injury.
43. amino acid: organic molecule used to build proteins; contains both an amine
group and carboxyl group
44. enzymes: Many of these types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition,
exchange, and reversible) need what to speed up the reaction with lower
amounts of energy
45. dna: deoxyribose with an additional OH
46. rna: ribose
47. DNA: appears as a Double Helix. It appears like a twisted ladder. Within the
structures are rungs represented by Four-letter alphabet. The spiral is also
made up of sugar and phosphate
48. RNA: a spiraling thread with bases sticking out towards the center. It also
consists of sugar, phosphates and nitrogenous bases
49. DNA: • A (Adenine)
• G (Guanine)
• C (Cytosine)
• T (Thymine)
50. RNA: • A (Adenine)
• G (Guanine)
• C (Cytosine)
• U (Uracil)
51. Thymine: Adenine pairs with (DNA)
52. Guanine: Cytosine pairs with
53. Urecile: Adenine pairs with (RNA)
54. DNA: • Replication of genetic information
• Transfer of genetic information
55. RNA: • Carry genetic information
