NSG 520: UNIT 3 CH. 10 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Inflammation - ANS ØNormal reactions of tissues/blood vessels in response to injury or
invasion
ØInvasion may be environmental or pathogenic microorganisms
Size and severity of the inflammation depends on intensity, severity, duration, and extent of the
injury or invasion
Infection - ANS ØInvading microorganisms disturb normal environment and cause harm
ØUsually accompanied by inflammation
Stage 1: Vascular - ANS Involves white blood cells and changes in blood vessels
Histamine
Leukotriene
Prostaglandins
Kinins
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Cytokines
Stage 2: Exudate - ANS Large numbers of WBCs created; exudate (tissue drainage) called pus
is formed
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Stage 3: Tissue Repair - ANS Healthy cells divide to replace damaged cells; scar tissue may
form
Anti-inflammatory drugs prevent or limit inflammatory response, increase comfort, and prevent
tissue-damaging complications
Antiinflammatory drugs - ANS ØCorticosteroids
ØNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
ØAntihistamines
ØLeukotriene inhibitors
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Corticosteriods - ANS Prevent or limit inflammation by slowing or stopping all known
pathways of inflammatory mediator production
Corticosteroids: intended response - ANS ØReduced redness, pain, swelling at site of
inflammation; increased function of affected area
Corticosteroids: Side effects - ANS ØHypertension, weight gain, acne, nervousness, insomnia,
hypernatremia, Cushingoid appearance
Corticosteroids: Adverse effects - ANS ØAdrenal gland suppression, reduced immune
function, delayed wound healing
Why are steroids tapered? - ANS There is risk of acute adrenal insufficiency.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) - ANS Prevent or limit tissue/blood vessel
responses to injury or invasion by slowing the production of one or more inflammatory
mediators
Most NSAIDs suppress both COX-1 and COX-2 forms of the enzyme, so production of the helpful
housekeeping mediators along with the inflammatory mediators is slowed
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Inflammation - ANS ØNormal reactions of tissues/blood vessels in response to injury or
invasion
ØInvasion may be environmental or pathogenic microorganisms
Size and severity of the inflammation depends on intensity, severity, duration, and extent of the
injury or invasion
Infection - ANS ØInvading microorganisms disturb normal environment and cause harm
ØUsually accompanied by inflammation
Stage 1: Vascular - ANS Involves white blood cells and changes in blood vessels
Histamine
Leukotriene
Prostaglandins
Kinins
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Cytokines
Stage 2: Exudate - ANS Large numbers of WBCs created; exudate (tissue drainage) called pus
is formed
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Stage 3: Tissue Repair - ANS Healthy cells divide to replace damaged cells; scar tissue may
form
Anti-inflammatory drugs prevent or limit inflammatory response, increase comfort, and prevent
tissue-damaging complications
Antiinflammatory drugs - ANS ØCorticosteroids
ØNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
ØAntihistamines
ØLeukotriene inhibitors
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Corticosteriods - ANS Prevent or limit inflammation by slowing or stopping all known
pathways of inflammatory mediator production
Corticosteroids: intended response - ANS ØReduced redness, pain, swelling at site of
inflammation; increased function of affected area
Corticosteroids: Side effects - ANS ØHypertension, weight gain, acne, nervousness, insomnia,
hypernatremia, Cushingoid appearance
Corticosteroids: Adverse effects - ANS ØAdrenal gland suppression, reduced immune
function, delayed wound healing
Why are steroids tapered? - ANS There is risk of acute adrenal insufficiency.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) - ANS Prevent or limit tissue/blood vessel
responses to injury or invasion by slowing the production of one or more inflammatory
mediators
Most NSAIDs suppress both COX-1 and COX-2 forms of the enzyme, so production of the helpful
housekeeping mediators along with the inflammatory mediators is slowed
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
