,Contents
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
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Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
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Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
cn cn cn cn
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
cn cn cn
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
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Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
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Chapter 14: Generalization
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,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior cn cn cn cn cn
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
A. evaluating research reported in the media cn cn cn cn cn
B. making decisions in various professions
cn cn cn cn
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior cn cn cn cn
D. conducting scientific research cn cn cn
Answer: C cn
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
A. intuition is always completely wrong cn cn cn cn
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
cn cn cn cn
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
cn cn cn cn cn
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
cn cn cn cn cn cn
D. authority figures provide expert opinions cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: A cn
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
difficulty conceiving is an example of:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. scientific evidence cn
B. illusory correlation cn
C. valid causal reasoning cn cn
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer cn cn
:B cn
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
without question, they are relying on:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism cn
C. authority
D. falsifiability c
Answer: C
n cn
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
other ways of knowing is:
cn cn cn cn
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
cn cn
7. Empiricism is best defined as: cn cn cn cn
A. accepting authority figures' statements cn cn cn
B. knowledge based on observations and data cn cn cn cn cn
C. relying on personal intuitioncn cn cn
D. making untestable claims cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
TRUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientistscn cn cn cn cn cn
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
cn cn cn cn cn
designed studies Answer: A cn cn cn
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. all scientific ideas are false
cn cn cn cn
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. scientists intentionally falsify data cn cn cn
D. only false ideas should be tested
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
10. Peer review in science serves to:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
cn cn cn cn cn
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. eliminate the need for replication cn cn cn cn
D. prevent any criticism of published work
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
11. Scientific skepticism means that: cn cn cn
A. scientists reject all new ideas cn cn cn cn
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. scientists are generally negative people cn cn cn cn
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas cn cn cn cn cn cn
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
cn cn cn cn cn c
Chapter 2: Where to Start
n cn cn cn cn
Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
cn cn cn cn cn
Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
cn cn cn cn
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
cn cn cn
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
Chapter 8: Experimental Design
n cn cn cn
Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
cn cn cn cn
Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
cn cn cn cn
Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Chapter 14: Generalization
cn cn
,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior cn cn cn cn cn
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
A. evaluating research reported in the media cn cn cn cn cn
B. making decisions in various professions
cn cn cn cn
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior cn cn cn cn
D. conducting scientific research cn cn cn
Answer: C cn
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
A. intuition is always completely wrong cn cn cn cn
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
cn cn cn cn
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
cn cn cn cn cn
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
cn cn cn cn cn cn
D. authority figures provide expert opinions cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: A cn
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
difficulty conceiving is an example of:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. scientific evidence cn
B. illusory correlation cn
C. valid causal reasoning cn cn
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer cn cn
:B cn
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
without question, they are relying on:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism cn
C. authority
D. falsifiability c
Answer: C
n cn
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
other ways of knowing is:
cn cn cn cn
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
cn cn
7. Empiricism is best defined as: cn cn cn cn
A. accepting authority figures' statements cn cn cn
B. knowledge based on observations and data cn cn cn cn cn
C. relying on personal intuitioncn cn cn
D. making untestable claims cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
TRUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientistscn cn cn cn cn cn
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
cn cn cn cn cn
designed studies Answer: A cn cn cn
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. all scientific ideas are false
cn cn cn cn
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. scientists intentionally falsify data cn cn cn
D. only false ideas should be tested
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
10. Peer review in science serves to:
cn cn cn cn cn
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
cn cn cn cn cn
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. eliminate the need for replication cn cn cn cn
D. prevent any criticism of published work
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
11. Scientific skepticism means that: cn cn cn
A. scientists reject all new ideas cn cn cn cn
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. scientists are generally negative people cn cn cn cn
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
cn cn cn cn cn cn
Answer: B cn
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas cn cn cn cn cn cn
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
