Human Biology 105 Exam #1 Latest
Questions with Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Scientific Method - Answer A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific
problem
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer observation, hypothesis, experiment,
conclusion
Types of Observation - Answer qualitative and quantitative
Qualitative - Answer Data in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical
measurements.
Quantitative - Answer Data that is in numbers
Why does the type of observation matter? - Answer -Qualitative observations are inherently
biased.
-qualitative observations do not use standard units or zero
-analyses are limited for qualitative data
-averages can't be calculated on qualitative data
Hypothesis: what is it and requirements - Answer -testable statement about observation
-can be answered clearly and directly
-free of interpretation
experimental hypothesis - Answer a formal statement about the relationship between the
variables in the experiment
null hypothesis - Answer a formal statement about what would happen if the experimental
hypothesis is not correct
the 3 criteria for experiments - Answer 1. must be replicable
2.only one variable may be tested at a time (or if more than one, the tests must be separable)
3.a control must be included
,Types of Variables - Answer independent and dependent
independent variable - Answer variable that is manipulated
-can have multiple levels, one of which should be a control
dependent variable - Answer The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the
research is interested.
positive control - Answer Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher
to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.
negative control - Answer Group with no response expected
Accuracy - Answer The ability of a measurement to match the actual value of the quantity
being measured.
Precision - Answer The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Ways to interpret results of experiments - Answer -graphs (Bar, line)
-tables
Human Body Plan - Answer 1. Atoms
2.Molecules
3.Proteins
4.Cells
5.Tissues
6.Organs
7.Organ Systems
Chemical Bonds - Answer the attractive forces that hold atoms together
structure of atoms - Answer protons, neutrons, electrons
covalent bonds - Answer Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
, non-covalent bonds - Answer Weaker and more transient than covalent bond.
-Hydrogen Bonds
-Ionic Bonds
-Van Der Waals Interactions
-Hydrophobic Forces
Macromolecules - Answer -sugars (carbohydrates)
-Lipids (fats)
-Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides)
-Proteins
Sugars or carbohydrates: two types - Answer monosaccharides (single sugar)
polysaccharides (many sugars) ex. lactose= glucose + galactose
Lipids or fats: role in cell and types - Answer form phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
-phosphate head with fatty acid tails
-saturated
-unsaturated
Nucleic Acids or "nucleotides" :types and function - Answer -Thymine
-Uracil
-Cytosine
-Adenine
-Guanine
-make up the code in DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA structure - Answer -deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid
-backbones are made of sugars (ribose) and phosphate PO₄
Characteristics of DNA - Answer -Double stranded
-Bases bonded by non-covalent hydrogen bonds
-Adenine bonds with Thymine and Guanine bonds with Cytosine
-found in the cell nucleus
Characteristics of RNA - Answer -Single stranded
Questions with Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Scientific Method - Answer A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific
problem
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer observation, hypothesis, experiment,
conclusion
Types of Observation - Answer qualitative and quantitative
Qualitative - Answer Data in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical
measurements.
Quantitative - Answer Data that is in numbers
Why does the type of observation matter? - Answer -Qualitative observations are inherently
biased.
-qualitative observations do not use standard units or zero
-analyses are limited for qualitative data
-averages can't be calculated on qualitative data
Hypothesis: what is it and requirements - Answer -testable statement about observation
-can be answered clearly and directly
-free of interpretation
experimental hypothesis - Answer a formal statement about the relationship between the
variables in the experiment
null hypothesis - Answer a formal statement about what would happen if the experimental
hypothesis is not correct
the 3 criteria for experiments - Answer 1. must be replicable
2.only one variable may be tested at a time (or if more than one, the tests must be separable)
3.a control must be included
,Types of Variables - Answer independent and dependent
independent variable - Answer variable that is manipulated
-can have multiple levels, one of which should be a control
dependent variable - Answer The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the
research is interested.
positive control - Answer Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher
to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.
negative control - Answer Group with no response expected
Accuracy - Answer The ability of a measurement to match the actual value of the quantity
being measured.
Precision - Answer The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Ways to interpret results of experiments - Answer -graphs (Bar, line)
-tables
Human Body Plan - Answer 1. Atoms
2.Molecules
3.Proteins
4.Cells
5.Tissues
6.Organs
7.Organ Systems
Chemical Bonds - Answer the attractive forces that hold atoms together
structure of atoms - Answer protons, neutrons, electrons
covalent bonds - Answer Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
, non-covalent bonds - Answer Weaker and more transient than covalent bond.
-Hydrogen Bonds
-Ionic Bonds
-Van Der Waals Interactions
-Hydrophobic Forces
Macromolecules - Answer -sugars (carbohydrates)
-Lipids (fats)
-Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides)
-Proteins
Sugars or carbohydrates: two types - Answer monosaccharides (single sugar)
polysaccharides (many sugars) ex. lactose= glucose + galactose
Lipids or fats: role in cell and types - Answer form phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
-phosphate head with fatty acid tails
-saturated
-unsaturated
Nucleic Acids or "nucleotides" :types and function - Answer -Thymine
-Uracil
-Cytosine
-Adenine
-Guanine
-make up the code in DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA structure - Answer -deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid
-backbones are made of sugars (ribose) and phosphate PO₄
Characteristics of DNA - Answer -Double stranded
-Bases bonded by non-covalent hydrogen bonds
-Adenine bonds with Thymine and Guanine bonds with Cytosine
-found in the cell nucleus
Characteristics of RNA - Answer -Single stranded
