CLEP Western Civilization 1 Latest 2026
UPDATED Exam Questions and Verified
Answers (2026/2027) | Graded A+ |
100% Success
Marcus Tullius Cicero - Correct Answer -(106-43 B.C.E.) The most accomplished
writer of Latin prose, a senator and lawyer, and a Stoic. He wrote diatribes against
Marc Antony called the "Philippics", and was executed for his outspoken
opposition.
Virgil - Correct Answer -(70-19 B.C.E.) The most famous poet of Augustus Caesar's
reign, who wrote the "Aeneid", modeled after Homer's epics.
Horace - Correct Answer -(65-8 B.C.E.) A lyricist during Augustus Caesar's reign.
Ovid - Correct Answer -(43 B.C.E.-17 C.E.) Writer of "Metamorphoses" and "On the
Art of Love".
Livy - Correct Answer -(59 B.C.E.-17 C.E.) The greatest prose author of the Roman
Golden Age, a historian.
,Apuleius - Correct Answer -(125-200 C.E.) Philosopher and writer of the first Latin
novel, "The Golden Ass."
Galen - Correct Answer -(129-199) Ancient Roman thinker who provided a
systematic theory of medicine.
Ptolemy - Correct Answer -(100-170) Ancient Roman thinker who wrote a book on
astronomy known as the "Almagest", which offered mathematical proofs to
support the geocentric theory.
The Twelve Tables - Correct Answer -(c. 450 B.C.E.) A sophisticated body of Roman
law.
Pontifex Maximus - Correct Answer -The office of chief priest.
The Edict of Milan - Correct Answer -Issued by Constantine in 313, this policy
reversed the persecution of Christians.
,The Council of Nicaea - Correct Answer -(325) Convened by Constantine in order
to settle the dispute of the nature of the relationship between Christ and the
Father. The council established the Nicene Creed.
The Council of Ephesus - Correct Answer -(431) A general council that defined the
position that Jesus has two natures which are joined in a single person.
The Council of Chalcedon - Correct Answer -(451) A general council that
condemned the teaching of Monophysitism, which holds that Jesus only has one
nature. (Divine, but not human.)
Hagia Sophia - Correct Answer -The "Church of Holy Wisdom", a cathedral in
Constantinople and an icon of the Byzantine Empire.
Corpus Juris Civilis - Correct Answer -"Body of Civil Law", the Emperor Justinian's
law code that put many centuries of Roman legal precepts into an orderly system.
It served as a law code for the Byzantine Empire until the 9th century.
Charles Martel - Correct Answer -(688-741) Founder of the Frankish Carolingian
dynasty. Held the office of Mayor of the Palace and used it to control the
Merovingian kingdom. Led the Frankish defense against Muslim raiders and
, defeated them at the Battle of Tours. This event prevented Islam from establishing
itself beyond Spain.
Pepin the Short - Correct Answer -(714-768) Charles Martel's son, and the first
Carolingian king. He was not satisfied to be Mayor of the Palace, so he deposed
the Merovingian king and asked the pope to legitimize his power. The pope did so,
in exchange for a portion of Lombardy land which became the Papal States.
Charlemagne - Correct Answer -(768-814) Son of Pepin the Short, who greatly
expanded the Carolingian dynasty. On Christmas day, year 800, he was crowned
Roman Emperor by the pope. He founded schools to train clergy, regulated
monastic practice, and gathered together the finest scholars from all over western
Europe to his court at Aachen, which became an international center of learning.
Commissioned accurate copies of the Vulgate Bible in a script is known as the
Carolingian minuscule.
Louis the Pious - Correct Answer -(814-840) Son of Charlemagne, who was unable
to keep the empire intact. His sons fought over their shares of the realm.
Treaty of Verdun - Correct Answer -(843) An agreement between the sons of Louis
the Pious which divided the realm into three parts. The western part to Charles
the Bald, the central part and imperial title to Lothair, and the eastern part to
Louis the German.
UPDATED Exam Questions and Verified
Answers (2026/2027) | Graded A+ |
100% Success
Marcus Tullius Cicero - Correct Answer -(106-43 B.C.E.) The most accomplished
writer of Latin prose, a senator and lawyer, and a Stoic. He wrote diatribes against
Marc Antony called the "Philippics", and was executed for his outspoken
opposition.
Virgil - Correct Answer -(70-19 B.C.E.) The most famous poet of Augustus Caesar's
reign, who wrote the "Aeneid", modeled after Homer's epics.
Horace - Correct Answer -(65-8 B.C.E.) A lyricist during Augustus Caesar's reign.
Ovid - Correct Answer -(43 B.C.E.-17 C.E.) Writer of "Metamorphoses" and "On the
Art of Love".
Livy - Correct Answer -(59 B.C.E.-17 C.E.) The greatest prose author of the Roman
Golden Age, a historian.
,Apuleius - Correct Answer -(125-200 C.E.) Philosopher and writer of the first Latin
novel, "The Golden Ass."
Galen - Correct Answer -(129-199) Ancient Roman thinker who provided a
systematic theory of medicine.
Ptolemy - Correct Answer -(100-170) Ancient Roman thinker who wrote a book on
astronomy known as the "Almagest", which offered mathematical proofs to
support the geocentric theory.
The Twelve Tables - Correct Answer -(c. 450 B.C.E.) A sophisticated body of Roman
law.
Pontifex Maximus - Correct Answer -The office of chief priest.
The Edict of Milan - Correct Answer -Issued by Constantine in 313, this policy
reversed the persecution of Christians.
,The Council of Nicaea - Correct Answer -(325) Convened by Constantine in order
to settle the dispute of the nature of the relationship between Christ and the
Father. The council established the Nicene Creed.
The Council of Ephesus - Correct Answer -(431) A general council that defined the
position that Jesus has two natures which are joined in a single person.
The Council of Chalcedon - Correct Answer -(451) A general council that
condemned the teaching of Monophysitism, which holds that Jesus only has one
nature. (Divine, but not human.)
Hagia Sophia - Correct Answer -The "Church of Holy Wisdom", a cathedral in
Constantinople and an icon of the Byzantine Empire.
Corpus Juris Civilis - Correct Answer -"Body of Civil Law", the Emperor Justinian's
law code that put many centuries of Roman legal precepts into an orderly system.
It served as a law code for the Byzantine Empire until the 9th century.
Charles Martel - Correct Answer -(688-741) Founder of the Frankish Carolingian
dynasty. Held the office of Mayor of the Palace and used it to control the
Merovingian kingdom. Led the Frankish defense against Muslim raiders and
, defeated them at the Battle of Tours. This event prevented Islam from establishing
itself beyond Spain.
Pepin the Short - Correct Answer -(714-768) Charles Martel's son, and the first
Carolingian king. He was not satisfied to be Mayor of the Palace, so he deposed
the Merovingian king and asked the pope to legitimize his power. The pope did so,
in exchange for a portion of Lombardy land which became the Papal States.
Charlemagne - Correct Answer -(768-814) Son of Pepin the Short, who greatly
expanded the Carolingian dynasty. On Christmas day, year 800, he was crowned
Roman Emperor by the pope. He founded schools to train clergy, regulated
monastic practice, and gathered together the finest scholars from all over western
Europe to his court at Aachen, which became an international center of learning.
Commissioned accurate copies of the Vulgate Bible in a script is known as the
Carolingian minuscule.
Louis the Pious - Correct Answer -(814-840) Son of Charlemagne, who was unable
to keep the empire intact. His sons fought over their shares of the realm.
Treaty of Verdun - Correct Answer -(843) An agreement between the sons of Louis
the Pious which divided the realm into three parts. The western part to Charles
the Bald, the central part and imperial title to Lothair, and the eastern part to
Louis the German.
