WGU D312 Anatomy & Physiology OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! WITH RATION

WGU D312 Anatomy & Physiology OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! WITH RATIONALE & CLEAR IMAGES 1. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why? - Correct Answer: During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering into the lungs. 2. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: - Correct Answer: Oropharynx 3. Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- ___________ Label D- __________ Label E- __________ Label F- __________ Label G- __________ - Correct Answer: B - Oral Cavity D - Epiglottis E - Glottis F - Trachea G - Esophagus 4. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: - Correct Answer: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles 5. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. - Correct Answer: Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that can lead to those ulcers. RATIONALE : Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining. 6. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region. 3: ___________ 4: ___________ 7: ___________ 9: ___________ 10: ___________ - Correct Answer: 3. Stomach 4. Gallbladder 7. Jejunum 9. Appendix 10. Rectum Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. 7. Answer the following essay question: Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. - Correct Answer: Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they secrete gastric juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive activity; also, parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells secrete te enzymes pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase. RATIONALE: The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins. 8. Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below: 1: ____________ 3:____________ 5:____________ 7: ____________ 8: ____________ - Correct Answer: 1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses 3: Maxilla 5: Vomer 7: Maxilla 8: Mandible 9. Label the bones in the figure below: A: ____________ B: ____________ C: ____________ D: ____________ E: _____________ - Correct Answer: A. Pisiform B. Hamate C. Capitate D. Trapezoid E. Trapezium 10. A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer. - Correct Answer: (1) The textbook states that osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the bone tissue degenerates faster than it is replaced making the bones weak, causing increased pain, and more likely to fracture due to them being brittle. (2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of the bone which is responsible in the process that included the osteoblasts that take the calcium from the blood. 12. Label the following five muscles: B: _____________ C: _____________ E: _____________ G: _____________ J: ______________ - Correct Answer: B: Temporalis C: Orbicularis oculi E: Zygomaticus major G: Buccinator J: Depressor labii inferioris