BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Animals - (ANSWER)Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - (ANSWER)Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - (ANSWER)Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - (ANSWER)Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - (ANSWER)Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - (ANSWER)Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - (ANSWER)Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - (ANSWER)Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - (ANSWER)Germ layer covering embryo surface
,BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Endoderm - (ANSWER)Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube (aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - (ANSWER)Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - (ANSWER)Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - (ANSWER)All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - (ANSWER)Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - (ANSWER)Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes
metamorphosis
Juvenile - (ANSWER)Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - (ANSWER)535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many
animal major groups
Hox Genes - (ANSWER)Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an arm)
Protosome - (ANSWER)Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - (ANSWER)Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
, BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - (ANSWER)Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - (ANSWER)Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - (ANSWER)Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the body of
the sponge
Spicules - (ANSWER)Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - (ANSWER)Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - (ANSWER)Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - (ANSWER)Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the microscopic venomous
spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - (ANSWER)Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure called a
lophophore and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
Flatworms (Phylum: Platyhelminthes) - (ANSWER)Lack circulatory, respiratory, and skeletal systems
Coelom is absent and gut incomplete
SOLUTIONS
Animals - (ANSWER)Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - (ANSWER)Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - (ANSWER)Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - (ANSWER)Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - (ANSWER)Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - (ANSWER)Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - (ANSWER)Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - (ANSWER)Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - (ANSWER)Germ layer covering embryo surface
,BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Endoderm - (ANSWER)Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube (aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - (ANSWER)Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - (ANSWER)Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - (ANSWER)All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - (ANSWER)Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - (ANSWER)Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes
metamorphosis
Juvenile - (ANSWER)Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - (ANSWER)535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many
animal major groups
Hox Genes - (ANSWER)Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an arm)
Protosome - (ANSWER)Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - (ANSWER)Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
, BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - (ANSWER)Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - (ANSWER)Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - (ANSWER)Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the body of
the sponge
Spicules - (ANSWER)Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - (ANSWER)Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - (ANSWER)Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - (ANSWER)Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the microscopic venomous
spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - (ANSWER)Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure called a
lophophore and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
Flatworms (Phylum: Platyhelminthes) - (ANSWER)Lack circulatory, respiratory, and skeletal systems
Coelom is absent and gut incomplete
