PHM 431 Exam 1 Detailed Study
Questions with Verified Answers
1. GABA receptors: structure? permeable to? why is it important? - ANSWER
similar in structure to nAChRs, formed from combinations of alpha w/ beta
& gamma subunits, has multiple allosteric binding sites
chloride channel
GABA most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
2. Glutamate receptors: structure? permeable to? two classes? - ANSWER
composed of 4 subunits (tetramer) with 3 transmembrane domains
Na+, K+, Ca2+
AMPA receptors & NMDA receptors -- NMDA targets for drugs of abuse,
important in memory function
3. G-protein coupled receptors are subject to internalization caused by which of
the following mechanisms? - ANSWER Agonist induced phophorylation by
GRK
4. Tolerance that develops subsequent to drug administration - ANSWER
Acquired tolerance
5. 4 types of acquired tolerance - ANSWER 1. Innate
2. Pharmacokinetic
3. Pharmacodynamic
4. Learned
,6. Refers to adaptive changes in the system in response to repeated drug
administration; receptor down-regulation or down-regulation of effector
molecules activated by the receptor - ANSWER Pharmacodynamics
tolerance
7. Which of the following is not part of the mesolimbic dopamine reward
system?
A) prefronal cortex
B) locus coeruleus
C) Ventra tegmental area
D) nucleus accumbens - ANSWER B) locus coeruleus
8. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures:
A) Drug deplacement from a binding site using a radioisotope
B) Plasma drug concentrations
C) Brain wave activity
D) Increased blood flow to an active region of the brain - ANSWER D)
Increased blood flow to an active region of the brain
9. Which of the following describes drug tolerance?
A)
The need to have the drug available after chronic use to maintain homeostasis.
B)
Unpleasant feelings experienced by the drug user when the drug is unavailable
after a period of chronic use.
C)
Reduction in the drug response after repeated administrations of the drug.
D)
Feelings of euphoria after drug administration - ANSWER C)
,Reduction in the drug response after repeated administrations of the drug.
10.Which of the following drug is most likely to be permeable to the blood
brain barrier?
Drug A: very hydrophillic (molecular weight = 2,400)
Drug B: very hydrophobic (molecular weight = 240)
Drug C: very lipophillic (molecuar weight = 3,200)
Drug D (very hydrophillic (molecular weight = 240) - ANSWER Drug B: very
hydrophobic (molecular weight = 240)
11.The equilibrium dissociation constant for a drug is a measure of drug:
A)
Efficacy
B)
Tolerance
C)
Elimination
D)
Affinity - ANSWER D)
Affinity
12.Which of the following is a disadvantage of the intravenous route of drug
administration?
A)
Large first pass effect
B)
, High risk of exceeding the toxic drug level
C)
Slow onset of drug action
D)
High level of protein binding - ANSWER B)
High risk of exceeding the toxic drug level
13.When an agonist binds to its receptor, the agonist causes a response in the
target cell but it also causes receptor internalization? This is a mechanism
that can explain:
A)
Drug withdrawal
B)
Cross tolerance
C)
Drug dependence
D)
Pharmacokinetic tolerance - ANSWER B) Cross tolerance
14.The list below describes:
-several hundred patients with disease
-involves multiple institutions
-placebo controlled, double blind study
-Phase 2a: Proof of concept. do patients improve?
Phase 2b: dose response studies. is more better, is it safe? - ANSWER Phase 2
Clinical Trial
Questions with Verified Answers
1. GABA receptors: structure? permeable to? why is it important? - ANSWER
similar in structure to nAChRs, formed from combinations of alpha w/ beta
& gamma subunits, has multiple allosteric binding sites
chloride channel
GABA most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
2. Glutamate receptors: structure? permeable to? two classes? - ANSWER
composed of 4 subunits (tetramer) with 3 transmembrane domains
Na+, K+, Ca2+
AMPA receptors & NMDA receptors -- NMDA targets for drugs of abuse,
important in memory function
3. G-protein coupled receptors are subject to internalization caused by which of
the following mechanisms? - ANSWER Agonist induced phophorylation by
GRK
4. Tolerance that develops subsequent to drug administration - ANSWER
Acquired tolerance
5. 4 types of acquired tolerance - ANSWER 1. Innate
2. Pharmacokinetic
3. Pharmacodynamic
4. Learned
,6. Refers to adaptive changes in the system in response to repeated drug
administration; receptor down-regulation or down-regulation of effector
molecules activated by the receptor - ANSWER Pharmacodynamics
tolerance
7. Which of the following is not part of the mesolimbic dopamine reward
system?
A) prefronal cortex
B) locus coeruleus
C) Ventra tegmental area
D) nucleus accumbens - ANSWER B) locus coeruleus
8. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures:
A) Drug deplacement from a binding site using a radioisotope
B) Plasma drug concentrations
C) Brain wave activity
D) Increased blood flow to an active region of the brain - ANSWER D)
Increased blood flow to an active region of the brain
9. Which of the following describes drug tolerance?
A)
The need to have the drug available after chronic use to maintain homeostasis.
B)
Unpleasant feelings experienced by the drug user when the drug is unavailable
after a period of chronic use.
C)
Reduction in the drug response after repeated administrations of the drug.
D)
Feelings of euphoria after drug administration - ANSWER C)
,Reduction in the drug response after repeated administrations of the drug.
10.Which of the following drug is most likely to be permeable to the blood
brain barrier?
Drug A: very hydrophillic (molecular weight = 2,400)
Drug B: very hydrophobic (molecular weight = 240)
Drug C: very lipophillic (molecuar weight = 3,200)
Drug D (very hydrophillic (molecular weight = 240) - ANSWER Drug B: very
hydrophobic (molecular weight = 240)
11.The equilibrium dissociation constant for a drug is a measure of drug:
A)
Efficacy
B)
Tolerance
C)
Elimination
D)
Affinity - ANSWER D)
Affinity
12.Which of the following is a disadvantage of the intravenous route of drug
administration?
A)
Large first pass effect
B)
, High risk of exceeding the toxic drug level
C)
Slow onset of drug action
D)
High level of protein binding - ANSWER B)
High risk of exceeding the toxic drug level
13.When an agonist binds to its receptor, the agonist causes a response in the
target cell but it also causes receptor internalization? This is a mechanism
that can explain:
A)
Drug withdrawal
B)
Cross tolerance
C)
Drug dependence
D)
Pharmacokinetic tolerance - ANSWER B) Cross tolerance
14.The list below describes:
-several hundred patients with disease
-involves multiple institutions
-placebo controlled, double blind study
-Phase 2a: Proof of concept. do patients improve?
Phase 2b: dose response studies. is more better, is it safe? - ANSWER Phase 2
Clinical Trial
