PHM 431 Exam 2 Study Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
Already Graded A+
1. Delta-9-THC produces its psychotropic effects by:
A) Inhibiting GABA interneurons in the ventral tegmental area
B) Directly exciting glutamate neurons in the prefrontal cortex
C) Activating GABA interneurons in the ventral tegmental area
D) Directly exciting dopamine projection neurons in the ventral
tegmental area - ANSWER A) Inhibiting GABA interneurons in the
ventral tegmental area
2. Which of the following factors may contribute to memory disruption in
chronic cannabis users?
A) Δ9THC is not a substrate for the annandamide transporter in the
hippocampus.
B) Inhibition of synaptic transmission in the lateral hypothalamus
C) Inhibition of glutamate signaling in the nucleus tractus soliatarius
D) Activation of descending 5-HT signaling to the dorsal horn of the
spinal cord - ANSWER A) Δ9THC is not a substrate for the
annandamide transporter in the hippocampus.
3. Warnicke's encephalopathy is caused by: - ANSWER A thiamine deficiency
associated with hepatocellular necrosis
,4. Disulfiram is used to treat alcoholism. It is effective because it produces
which of the following effects? - ANSWER It blocks aldehyde
dehydrogenase in the liver
5. Which of the following drugs is considered an atypical benzodiazepine? -
ANSWER Zolpidem
6. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) contributes to the development of
alcoholism by: - ANSWER Activation of neurons in the amygdala causing
anxiety
7. Consumption of >200 mg/day of caffeine by pregnant women significantly
increases the risk of low birth weight babies. This effect of caffeine is due
to: - ANSWER Long fetal caffeine half life
8. Amphetamines are strong psychostimulants are promote increased alterness
and attentiveness. The brain area that mediates this action of amphetamine
is: - ANSWER Locus ceruleus
9. A major consequence of a cocaine or amphetamine overdose is cardiac
arrhythmia. Cocaine is more lethal than amphetamine in this regard because:
- ANSWER Cocaine blocks sodium channels in cardiac muscle
10.Caffiene in moderate doses have been shown to enhance fine motor skills
and motor performance. This effect is mediated by caffeine action at: -
ANSWER A2A adenosine receptors in the striatum
11.Cocaine is an unusual drug because laboratory rats develop long lasting
sensitization to the psychostimulant effects of cocaine after repeated cocaine
treatments. Which of the following treatments would block this behavioral
, sensitization? - ANSWER Knockout of the gene encoding brain derived
neurotrophic factor
12.Which of the following drugs is not a substrate for the vesicular monoamine
transporter? - ANSWER Methylphenidate
13.Potentiation of glutamate mediated excitation of ventral tegmental area
neurons is a mechanism for the psychostimulant effects of which of the
following drugs? - ANSWER Cocaine
14.There have been many studies of the effects of drinking alcohol with
caffeinated energy drinks. The data show that one of the main effects of this
behavior is: - ANSWER Increased risk of driving while intoxicated
15.Which of the following drug combinations would be most likely to cause
cross tolerance? - ANSWER Caffeine and Theobromine
16.One of your friends occasionally enjoys a few beers at home. For fun, your
friend is given a sobriety test (the higher the score, the higher the sobriety)
before and after drinking 3 Bell's 2 Hearted Ales at home. Several weeks
later, your friend has 3 Two Hearted Ales at the house of a new neighbor
and he is given the sobriety test again. What mechanism is likely responsible
for the differences in performance on the sobriety test? - ANSWER
Situational tolerance
17.Electrical stimulation of which of the following brain regions will produce
thermal analgesia? - ANSWER periaqueductal gray. Akil's experiments
showed that PAG stimulation increased hot plate latency times. This was
blocked by naloxone.
, 18.Epoetin alpha is a recombinant form of native erythropoietin. Epoetin alpha
is an illegal athletic doping agent that is difficult to detect in drug abusers.
However, recombinant epoetin alpha has structural features that differentiate
it from native erythropoietin that allow detection in blood samples. These
detection tests are based on the fact that: - ANSWER Recombinant epoetin
alpha has different glycosylation patterns than native erythropoietin
19.Synthetic androgens are used for their anabolic (growth stimulating effects).
Which of the following drugs is an illegal synthetic androgen? - ANSWER
Dianabol
20.Chronic morphine use leads to a long term addiction liability because
morphine receptors can couple to: - ANSWER Activation of CREB and D-
FosB dependent signaling pathways
21.Which of the endogenous opioid peptides functions predominately as a
circulating hormone? - ANSWER b-Endorphin
22.Which of the following hormones directly stimulates testosterone production
by the testes? - ANSWER b-human chorionic gonadotropin
23.Erythropoetin alpha is an athletic performance enhancing drug because it: -
ANSWER Increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
24.Morphine and related drugs inhibit neuronal activity in the brain by which of
the following mechanisms: - ANSWER Inhibition of nerve terminal Ca2+
channels
25.LH released from the pituitary stimulates leydig cells to produce -
ANSWER testosterone
with 100% Correct Answers
Already Graded A+
1. Delta-9-THC produces its psychotropic effects by:
A) Inhibiting GABA interneurons in the ventral tegmental area
B) Directly exciting glutamate neurons in the prefrontal cortex
C) Activating GABA interneurons in the ventral tegmental area
D) Directly exciting dopamine projection neurons in the ventral
tegmental area - ANSWER A) Inhibiting GABA interneurons in the
ventral tegmental area
2. Which of the following factors may contribute to memory disruption in
chronic cannabis users?
A) Δ9THC is not a substrate for the annandamide transporter in the
hippocampus.
B) Inhibition of synaptic transmission in the lateral hypothalamus
C) Inhibition of glutamate signaling in the nucleus tractus soliatarius
D) Activation of descending 5-HT signaling to the dorsal horn of the
spinal cord - ANSWER A) Δ9THC is not a substrate for the
annandamide transporter in the hippocampus.
3. Warnicke's encephalopathy is caused by: - ANSWER A thiamine deficiency
associated with hepatocellular necrosis
,4. Disulfiram is used to treat alcoholism. It is effective because it produces
which of the following effects? - ANSWER It blocks aldehyde
dehydrogenase in the liver
5. Which of the following drugs is considered an atypical benzodiazepine? -
ANSWER Zolpidem
6. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) contributes to the development of
alcoholism by: - ANSWER Activation of neurons in the amygdala causing
anxiety
7. Consumption of >200 mg/day of caffeine by pregnant women significantly
increases the risk of low birth weight babies. This effect of caffeine is due
to: - ANSWER Long fetal caffeine half life
8. Amphetamines are strong psychostimulants are promote increased alterness
and attentiveness. The brain area that mediates this action of amphetamine
is: - ANSWER Locus ceruleus
9. A major consequence of a cocaine or amphetamine overdose is cardiac
arrhythmia. Cocaine is more lethal than amphetamine in this regard because:
- ANSWER Cocaine blocks sodium channels in cardiac muscle
10.Caffiene in moderate doses have been shown to enhance fine motor skills
and motor performance. This effect is mediated by caffeine action at: -
ANSWER A2A adenosine receptors in the striatum
11.Cocaine is an unusual drug because laboratory rats develop long lasting
sensitization to the psychostimulant effects of cocaine after repeated cocaine
treatments. Which of the following treatments would block this behavioral
, sensitization? - ANSWER Knockout of the gene encoding brain derived
neurotrophic factor
12.Which of the following drugs is not a substrate for the vesicular monoamine
transporter? - ANSWER Methylphenidate
13.Potentiation of glutamate mediated excitation of ventral tegmental area
neurons is a mechanism for the psychostimulant effects of which of the
following drugs? - ANSWER Cocaine
14.There have been many studies of the effects of drinking alcohol with
caffeinated energy drinks. The data show that one of the main effects of this
behavior is: - ANSWER Increased risk of driving while intoxicated
15.Which of the following drug combinations would be most likely to cause
cross tolerance? - ANSWER Caffeine and Theobromine
16.One of your friends occasionally enjoys a few beers at home. For fun, your
friend is given a sobriety test (the higher the score, the higher the sobriety)
before and after drinking 3 Bell's 2 Hearted Ales at home. Several weeks
later, your friend has 3 Two Hearted Ales at the house of a new neighbor
and he is given the sobriety test again. What mechanism is likely responsible
for the differences in performance on the sobriety test? - ANSWER
Situational tolerance
17.Electrical stimulation of which of the following brain regions will produce
thermal analgesia? - ANSWER periaqueductal gray. Akil's experiments
showed that PAG stimulation increased hot plate latency times. This was
blocked by naloxone.
, 18.Epoetin alpha is a recombinant form of native erythropoietin. Epoetin alpha
is an illegal athletic doping agent that is difficult to detect in drug abusers.
However, recombinant epoetin alpha has structural features that differentiate
it from native erythropoietin that allow detection in blood samples. These
detection tests are based on the fact that: - ANSWER Recombinant epoetin
alpha has different glycosylation patterns than native erythropoietin
19.Synthetic androgens are used for their anabolic (growth stimulating effects).
Which of the following drugs is an illegal synthetic androgen? - ANSWER
Dianabol
20.Chronic morphine use leads to a long term addiction liability because
morphine receptors can couple to: - ANSWER Activation of CREB and D-
FosB dependent signaling pathways
21.Which of the endogenous opioid peptides functions predominately as a
circulating hormone? - ANSWER b-Endorphin
22.Which of the following hormones directly stimulates testosterone production
by the testes? - ANSWER b-human chorionic gonadotropin
23.Erythropoetin alpha is an athletic performance enhancing drug because it: -
ANSWER Increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
24.Morphine and related drugs inhibit neuronal activity in the brain by which of
the following mechanisms: - ANSWER Inhibition of nerve terminal Ca2+
channels
25.LH released from the pituitary stimulates leydig cells to produce -
ANSWER testosterone
