Diagnostic Assessment - Answers often referred to as pre-assessment, is designed to test a learner's
knowledge before they begin an eLearning activity. DIAGNOSE
Formative Assessment - Answers Throughout the course of learning, check for understanding. FORM
an understanding of student learning. Occurs during instruction
Summative Assessment - Answers Final assessment of learning objective. Student shows a summary
of their learning. Occurs after instruction.
Traditional assessment - Answers Often emphasize rote learning and memorization with a focus on
single correct answers (multiple choice test)
Ipsative Assessment - Answers Measurement of progress over time based on individual starting and
ending point (think of the "I" as a ruler to measure). Self-measured assessment. How much did each
student learn. (Learning journals, comparing two test scores)
Norm-referenced assessment - Answers Compare student's performance against performance of their
peers. What is normal for the group? (Class ranking, Bell curve)
Criterion-referenced assessment - Answers Student is not compared with peers, but instead against a
predetermined standard, cut score, or criteria. What criteria has to be met to pass?
Standards-based assessment - Answers evaluating specific criteria derived from broader educational
standards, where each criterion aligns with supports overarching learning goals
Competency-based assessment - Answers prioritize skill application over mere knowledge retention,
employing authentic, scenario-based tasks that mimic real-world challenges to measure learners'
abilities to apply skills critically and competently
Direct Assessment - Answers any method of collecting data that requires students to demonstrate a
knowledge, skill, or ability. Learners directly do something we assess. Projects or Portfolios
Indirect Assessment - Answers any method of collecting data that requires reflection on student
learning, skills, or behaviors. We assess based on other information not the learner actually doing
something. Surveys, exit interviews, LMS data
Cognitive Skills - Answers Thinking, problem-solving. Encouraging students to think and solve
problems methodically
Affective Skills - Answers Emotional growth, interpersonal development. Leading students to more
interaction with peers, as well as self-confidence
Psychomotor Skills - Answers Physical activities. Activities in classroom leading to experiential learning
Comprehensive-type assessment - Answers Chapter test
Discussion Board - Answers Online discussion
Direct assessment - Answers Term paper
Indirect assessment - Answers Survey
Project-based assessment - Answers Building a stick bridge
Reflection-focused assessment - Answers Journal
Create (Bloom's Taxonomy) - Answers Produce new or original work. Design, assemble, construct,
conjecture, develop, formulate, author, investigate
Evaluate (Bloom's Taxonomy) - Answers Justify a stand or decision. Appraise, argue, defend, judge,
select, support, value, critique, weigh
Analyze (Bloom's Taxonomy) - Answers Draw connections among ideas. differentiate, organize, relate,
compare, contrast, distinguish, examine, experiemnt, question, test
Apply (Bloom's Taxonomy) - Answers Use information in new situations. execute, implement, solve,
use, demonstrate, interpret, operate, schedule, sketch
Understand (Bloom's Taxonomy) - Answers explain ideas or concepts. classify, describe, discuss,
explain, identify, locate, recognize, report, select, translate
Remember (Bloom's Taxonomy) - Answers recall facts and basic concepts. define, duplicate, list,
memorize, repeat, state
Descriptive Analytics - Answers Facts - Used to inform; based on data from gathered information.
What happened? (in the past)
Example: Report the # of students who passed Ch. 2 compared to Ch. 1 tests. Document last year's
graduation rate. Share a month by month sales breakdown
Diagnostic Analytics - Answers Answers why. Analyzes past information to find out why something
happened. Why did it happen?