CRAT Exam with accurate detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chronotropic - correct answer✔✔heart rate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Inotropic - correct answer✔✔force of myocardial contractility ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Dromotropic - correct answer✔✔conduction velocity through the AV node ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Systole - correct answer✔✔contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
during systole. ||\\//||
Diastole - correct answer✔✔rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
falls during diastole.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Stroke Volume - correct answer✔✔the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - correct answer✔✔The amount of blood pumped into the aorta
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
each minute. (units= mL/min)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cardiac output- equation - correct answer✔✔(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult=
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4-8 L/min ||\\//||
Venous return - correct answer✔✔amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
systemic ciruclation ||\\//||
, Blood Pressure- definition - correct answer✔✔force exerted by the blood against the walls
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Blood pressure- equation - correct answer✔✔(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - correct answer✔✔spastic contractions.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes an
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - correct answer✔✔atrial kick ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - correct answer✔✔Right and left
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔The right atrium ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The right ventricle - correct answer✔✔Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
circulation
The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer layer of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the heart wall called the _____. - correct answer✔✔Visceral, epicardium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chronotropic - correct answer✔✔heart rate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Inotropic - correct answer✔✔force of myocardial contractility ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Dromotropic - correct answer✔✔conduction velocity through the AV node ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Systole - correct answer✔✔contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
during systole. ||\\//||
Diastole - correct answer✔✔rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
falls during diastole.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Stroke Volume - correct answer✔✔the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - correct answer✔✔The amount of blood pumped into the aorta
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
each minute. (units= mL/min)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cardiac output- equation - correct answer✔✔(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult=
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4-8 L/min ||\\//||
Venous return - correct answer✔✔amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
systemic ciruclation ||\\//||
, Blood Pressure- definition - correct answer✔✔force exerted by the blood against the walls
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Blood pressure- equation - correct answer✔✔(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - correct answer✔✔spastic contractions.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes an
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - correct answer✔✔atrial kick ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - correct answer✔✔Right and left
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔The right atrium ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The right ventricle - correct answer✔✔Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
circulation
The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer layer of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the heart wall called the _____. - correct answer✔✔Visceral, epicardium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
