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GMS 6474 final exam with precise detailed solutions

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GMS 6474 final exam with precise detailed solutions

Institution
GMS 6474
Course
GMS 6474

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GMS 6474 final exam with precise detailed solutions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what does the SR store - correct answer✔✔proteins and calcium
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is the role of the transverse tubules in the muscle fiber - correct answer✔✔allow
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




inside of muscle to communicate with the outside of the muscle
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




how is a sarcomere measured - correct answer✔✔from z-disc to z-disc
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is contained in the I band of the sarcomere & what color is the band - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




answer✔✔thin filaments ||\\//|| ||\\//||




titin ||\\//||




z-disc

light (isotropic) ||\\//||




what is contained in the A band of the sarcomere & what color is the band - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




answer✔✔thick filaments ||\\//|| ||\\//||




thin filaments||\\//|| ||\\//||




dark (scatters light)||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is contained in the H zone & what color is the band - correct answer✔✔thick
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




filaments ||\\//||




light ||\\//||




no barbs or myosin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




middle zone of the sarcomere ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

,what is contained in the M line - correct answer✔✔in the middle of the sarcomere, middle
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




of H zone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




thick filaments ||\\//|| ||\\//||




myomesin



what does titin do in the sarcomere - correct answer✔✔structural protein
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




how many zones can you see when the sarcomere is relaxed - correct answer✔✔all zones
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




can be seen in relaxed state
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




how many zones can be seen when the sarcomere is contracted - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




answer✔✔sarcomere shortens ||\\//|| ||\\//||




I band shortens
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




H zone disappears
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




thick and thin filaments overlap DONT shorten ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle - correct answer✔✔the sarcomere
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is the main component of the thick filaments - correct answer✔✔myosin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




have heavy and light chains ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




motor heads that move it along the thin filament ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is the largest protein in the body - correct answer✔✔titin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what are the main components of the thin filaments - correct answer✔✔actin (where
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




myosin binds) ||\\//||




troponin (moves tropomyosin when Ca2+ is present) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

,tropomyosin (covers actin active site) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




nebulin (sets thin filament length) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




CapZ (anchors actin to Z-line on z-disc side) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Tropomodulin (on end of actin, in middle of sarcomere) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




alpha-actinin (anchors actin to z-line) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what does desmin do in the sarcomere - correct answer✔✔interacts with alpha-actinin to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




anchor z-disc to sarcolemma ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what does dystrophin do in the sarcomere - correct answer✔✔connects sarcomere to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




sarcolemma ||\\//||




stabilizes the sarcolemma to prevent damage during contractions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




1st step of cross-bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔BINDING
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




activated myosin binds to actin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




ADP and Pi are still bound to myosin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




2nd step of cross bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔POWER STROKE
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




myosin head swivels ||\\//|| ||\\//||




movement of actin filament ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




ADP and Pi released from myosin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




(Pi is released first, before ADP is released)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




3rd step of cross bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔DISSOSCIATION
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




ATP binds to myosin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Actin and myosin dissociate (cross bridge detaches)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

, 4th step of cross bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔ACTIVATION
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




ATP hydrolysis energy activates myosin head
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




ADP and Pi remain bound to myosin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




if Ca2+ still present, cycle continues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




how does Ca2+ effect the cross bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔Ca2+ is needed for the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




troponin to move the tropomyosin off the actin ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




when Ca2+ runs out, the cross bridge cycle will stop ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




troponin has 4 Ca2+ binding sites ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




how does Ca2+ get into the cell to trigger the cross bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔through
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




the RyR channels, which are activated by the DHPR channel mechanical change IN
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




SKELETAL MUSCLES ||\\//||




what are the two roles of ATP in the cross bridge cycle - correct answer✔✔release from
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




rigor state ||\\//|| ||\\//||




re-energize/reactivate myosin heads for next cycle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what resequesters Ca2+ to end muscle contraction - correct answer✔✔SERCA
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum located - correct answer✔✔wrapped around the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




sarcomeres and throughout the myofibrils ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




what is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells - correct answer✔✔stores
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||




Ca2+ that is needed for contraction ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||

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