ANSC 3040 Final EXAM WITH ANSWERS

ANSC 3040 Final EXAM WITH ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




1) What is folliculogenesis?
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2) How does the oocyte develop?* - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔1) formation and development of ovarian follicles,
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which are endocrine structures that participate in the
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coordination of reproductive cycles and support the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



development of the female germ cell-the oocyte |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




2) oogenesis
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1) What is oogenesis?
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2) Oogenesis begins during?
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3) What are the four phases of oogenesis?* - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔1) a protracted process that encompasses
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the differentiation and release of a mature oocyte for
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fertilization and successful propagation of the species
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2) embryonic reproductive development of the female
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and continues throughout her reproductive lifetime
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3) -mitotic phase
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-meiotic phase with nuclear arrestment
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-cytoplasmic development |\




-meiotic resumption |\

,1) What is the mitotic phase characterized by?
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2) Describe the 5 steps of the mitotic phase* - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔1) mitosis of primordial germ cells and
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oogonia
2) -mitotic active PGCs colonize the biopotential gonads
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of the developing fetus
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-bipotential gonads differentiate into ovaries
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-PGCs differentiate into oogonia
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-oogonia continue to divide by mitosis until formation of
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primordial follicles |\




-mitotic divisions determine the size of the ovarian
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reserve of the female
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1) What is the meiotic phase with nuclear arrest
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characterized by? |\




2) Describe the steps of the meiotic phase with nuclear
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arrest
3) Describe the formation of primordial follicles
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4) Describe the formation of the germinal vesicle* -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) the onset of meiosis and
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formation of primary oocytes|\ |\ |\




2) -formation of primordial follicles
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-oogonia enter meiosis 1 and are now called primary
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oocytes
-meiosis 1 is arrested at prophase 1 (4n primary oocytes)
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,-formation of germinal vesicle (large nucleus with
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arrested DNA highly packed) |\ |\ |\




3) -first layer of granulosa cells
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-changes the environment of oogonias
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4) -cell division remains arrested for a long period of time
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(meiosis is resumed only shortly before ovulation)
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-the purpose of the nuclear arrest is to inactivate DNA
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and protect it from insults during lifetime, which could
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compromise developmental capacity |\ |\




What is cytoplasmic development in oogenesis
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characterized by?* - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔substantial |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



growth of the cytoplasm and formation of special cellular
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structures


1) Describe the steps in cytoplasmic development
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2) Describe the oocytes being enclosed in primary and
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secondary follicles and undergoing substantial growth of
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cytoplasm volume |\




3) Describe formation of the zona pellucida
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4) Describe the formation of gap junctions between
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oocyte and granulosa cells in close proximity* - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔1) -activation of primordial follicles
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-oocytes enclosed in primary and secondary follicles
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undergo substantial growth of cytoplasm volume
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, -formation of zona pellucida |\ |\ |\




-formation of gap junctions between oocyte and
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granulosa cells in close proximity
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2) -promoted by granulosa cells
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-accumulation of molecules that will be critical for early |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



embryogenesis
3) -synthesized by the oocyte
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-covers and protects the entire oocyte
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-ZP proteins-important for fertilization
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4) -cytoplasmic communication that crosses the zona
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pellucida
-critical for communication between the two cell types
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1) What is meiotic resumption characterized by?
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2) Describe the steps of meiotic resumption
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3) Describe meiosis 1 being completed* - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔1) the resumption of meiosis 1 after LH
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surge
2) -estradiol secreted by the preovulatory follicle has a
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positive feedback in the surge centre of the
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hypothalamus and induces a surge of GnRH |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




-the surge of GnRH reaches the pituitary and induces a
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surge of LH |\ |\