ANSC 3040 Midterm EXAM QUESTIONS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
WITH ANSWERS |\
is the biological sex of an embryo already determined? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔yes because it will always contain |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an XX or XY
|\ |\ |\ |\
When do the forming sperm cells go from 2n (XY) to n (X
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or Y) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the secondary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
spermatocyte is the first cell that isn't 2n in the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
spermatogenesis
what are diploid and haploid cells - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔diploid = 2n |\ |\
haploid = n |\ |\
are somatic and germ cells diploid or haploid cells -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔diploid |\ |\
What are totipotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
capable to differentiate into any type of embryonic (body)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or extra-embryonic (placenta) cells
|\ |\ |\ |\
,what are trophectoderm cells - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔multipotent cells capable to differentiate into any type |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of cells within a cell lineage, in this case, placental cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are pluripotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
capable to differentiate into any type of cells in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
embryo
where can you find pluripotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the levels of early embryogenesis? (3) -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. highly specialized cells - oocyte |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and sperm which then gets fertilized
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. totipotent cells which forms the zygote
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. blastocyst cells which contains the inner cell mass and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the trophectoderm
|\
what causes cells to become a liver or an intestine if they
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
all contain the same DNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
epigenetics and the differentiation of markers. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Modifications of DNA or transcription of different areas of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the DNA leads to the cell becoming something more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
specialized
,What is gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
formation of the 3 layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
endoderm.
How does gastrulation work (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔1. the inner cell mass contains the epiblast and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypoblast
2. within the epiblast, a primitive streak will release cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and form a mesoderm
|\ |\ |\
3. the epiblast becomes the ectoderm, the mesoderm
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
was just formed, and the hypoblast becomes the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
endoderm
Where will the epiblast cells differentiate in the inner cell
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mass - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the ones that are attached
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to the blastocoele
|\ |\ |\
What does the endoderm form - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔digestive system, lungs, and endocrine system |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what does the mesoderm form - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Muscle, Skeleton, Cardiovascular system, reproductive |\ |\ |\ |\
system, urinary system
|\ |\ |\
, what does the ectoderm form - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔nervous system, skin, hair, external parts of the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reproductive tract |\
What cell type will develop the repro and urinary system -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔somitic mesoderm
|\ |\ |\ |\
what are the founder cells for the germline in animals as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
embryos? where are they found? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Primordial germ cells. located in the hind gut |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How and where do the primordial germ cells migrate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
during embryogenesis? what signal coordinates this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
migration? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔migrate by amoeboid |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
movement via the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gonadal ridge
|\ |\ |\
chemotaxis signalling |\
Why do primordial germ cells go to the gonadal ridge -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔this is where the primitive sex
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cords are formed
|\ |\
what do the Gonads become in embryogenesis -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔become the testes or the ovaries
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
WITH ANSWERS |\
is the biological sex of an embryo already determined? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔yes because it will always contain |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an XX or XY
|\ |\ |\ |\
When do the forming sperm cells go from 2n (XY) to n (X
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or Y) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the secondary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
spermatocyte is the first cell that isn't 2n in the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
spermatogenesis
what are diploid and haploid cells - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔diploid = 2n |\ |\
haploid = n |\ |\
are somatic and germ cells diploid or haploid cells -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔diploid |\ |\
What are totipotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
capable to differentiate into any type of embryonic (body)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or extra-embryonic (placenta) cells
|\ |\ |\ |\
,what are trophectoderm cells - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔multipotent cells capable to differentiate into any type |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of cells within a cell lineage, in this case, placental cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are pluripotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
capable to differentiate into any type of cells in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
embryo
where can you find pluripotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the levels of early embryogenesis? (3) -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. highly specialized cells - oocyte |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and sperm which then gets fertilized
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. totipotent cells which forms the zygote
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. blastocyst cells which contains the inner cell mass and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the trophectoderm
|\
what causes cells to become a liver or an intestine if they
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
all contain the same DNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
epigenetics and the differentiation of markers. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Modifications of DNA or transcription of different areas of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the DNA leads to the cell becoming something more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
specialized
,What is gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
formation of the 3 layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
endoderm.
How does gastrulation work (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔1. the inner cell mass contains the epiblast and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypoblast
2. within the epiblast, a primitive streak will release cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and form a mesoderm
|\ |\ |\
3. the epiblast becomes the ectoderm, the mesoderm
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
was just formed, and the hypoblast becomes the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
endoderm
Where will the epiblast cells differentiate in the inner cell
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mass - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the ones that are attached
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to the blastocoele
|\ |\ |\
What does the endoderm form - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔digestive system, lungs, and endocrine system |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what does the mesoderm form - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Muscle, Skeleton, Cardiovascular system, reproductive |\ |\ |\ |\
system, urinary system
|\ |\ |\
, what does the ectoderm form - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔nervous system, skin, hair, external parts of the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reproductive tract |\
What cell type will develop the repro and urinary system -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔somitic mesoderm
|\ |\ |\ |\
what are the founder cells for the germline in animals as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
embryos? where are they found? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Primordial germ cells. located in the hind gut |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How and where do the primordial germ cells migrate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
during embryogenesis? what signal coordinates this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
migration? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔migrate by amoeboid |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
movement via the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gonadal ridge
|\ |\ |\
chemotaxis signalling |\
Why do primordial germ cells go to the gonadal ridge -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔this is where the primitive sex
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cords are formed
|\ |\
what do the Gonads become in embryogenesis -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔become the testes or the ovaries
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
