Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 Cardiovascular 2026 – 100 Questions | CHF, EKG, Afib, Hypertension, PAD, VTE

This expertly compiled guide contains 100 verified questions and answers for NUR 242 Exam 4 (Cardiovascular Focus) at Galen College of Nursing, updated for the 2026 exam cycle. It offers a thorough review of cardiovascular pathophysiology, diagnostics, pharmacology, and nursing interventions, tailored to advanced med-surg students preparing for exams or clinicals. Core content includes: Hemodynamic Concepts: Cardiac output (CO = HR × SV), preload, afterload, MAP equation, orthostatic vital signs Heart Failure (CHF): Etiology (CAD, MI, VHD, substance abuse), symptoms (dyspnea, edema, fatigue), diagnostics (BNP, echocardiogram), and management with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and digoxin Electrophysiology and ECG Interpretation: Cardiac conduction system, PQRST wave meanings, sinus bradycardia/tachycardia, Afib characteristics, and emergency use of atropine, cardioversion, and amiodarone Arrhythmias and Emergency Response: Afib risks (stroke, CHF), defibrillation vs cardioversion, and rhythm complications like V-tach, V-fib, and asystole Cardiac Diagnostic Testing and Cath Lab Care: Cardiac enzymes, ECG, catheterization precautions (iodine allergy, renal function), post-op monitoring, and TEE use in Afib Hypertension Management: Essential vs secondary HTN, diagnostic workup, DASH diet, antihypertensives (ACE, ARBs, diuretics, CCBs), and hypertensive crisis interventions Peripheral Vascular Disorders: Atherosclerosis, PAD (claudication stages), ankle-brachial index interpretation, arterial vs venous ulcer findings, and bypass surgery priorities Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): Pathophysiology (Virchow’s triad), DVT/PE symptoms, diagnosis (doppler, CT angio), step therapy (heparin → warfarin), and prevention strategies This resource is ideal for: Nursing students enrolled in NUR 242 – Advanced Medical-Surgical Nursing ADN or BSN students preparing for cardiac/vascular exams or clinical assessments NCLEX-RN candidates needing cardiovascular review Instructors and preceptors seeking structured, scenario-based question sets Keywords: NUR 242, Galen College, cardiovascular nursing, CHF management, cardiac output, preload and afterload, Afib treatment, beta blockers, hypertension, hypertensive crisis, ECG interpretation, sinus bradycardia, defibrillation, stroke prevention, BNP levels, cardiac catheterization, digoxin, PAD symptoms, ankle-brachial index, VTE nursing, NCLEX cardiac