Chamberlain University | NR 599: Nursing Informatics for
Advanced Practice
Midterm Exam | Latest 2026
Section 1: Foundational Concepts & Theoretical Frameworks (Questions 1-20)
Q1: According to the Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm, which of
the following best exemplifies Knowledge in a clinical setting?
A. A single blood glucose reading of 210 mg/dL.
B. A trend graph showing a patient's glucose levels are consistently elevated
post-prandially over one week.
C. The understanding that consistent post-prandial hyperglycemia indicates a need to
adjust the patient's diabetes management plan. [CORRECT]
D. The clinical judgment to initiate a conversation with the patient about medication
adherence and dietary choices.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the DIKW model: Data is raw facts (A). Information is organized/processed
data that gives context (B - a trend). Knowledge is the synthesis of information to
identify patterns, relationships, and principles (C - understanding what the trend means
in terms of disease management). Wisdom is the application of knowledge with
experience to make sound judgments (D).
,Q2: Which of the following best defines Nursing Informatics according to the American
Nurses Association (ANA)?
A. The use of computers to document patient care.
B. The specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management
and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information,
knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. [CORRECT]
C. The technical support department that fixes computer hardware issues.
D. The administrative function responsible for billing and coding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ANA Scope and Standards of Practice for Nursing Informatics (3rd
Edition, 2022) defines informatics as the integration of nursing science with information
and analytical sciences to support all aspects of nursing practice. It is not merely
computer use (A), IT support (C), or billing (D)—it is a distinct specialty focused on
optimizing data flow to improve patient outcomes.
Q3: In the Graves and Corcoran Model (1989), which component represents the
application of data and information to solve problems?
A. Data
B. Information
C. Knowledge [CORRECT]
D. Wisdom
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale: The Graves and Corcoran Model established the foundation for the DIKW
hierarchy in nursing. Knowledge involves the organization and processing of
information to solve problems and make decisions. Data (A) are raw symbols;
Information (B) is data with meaning; Wisdom (D) is the ethical application of
knowledge.
Q4: Which role best describes an Informatics Nurse Specialist (INS) who leads the
selection, implementation, and optimization of a clinical information system?
A. Staff nurse who documents in the EHR.
B. Chief Information Officer (CIO) responsible for all hospital IT infrastructure.
C. Clinical analyst who bridges nursing practice and technology design. [CORRECT]
D. Software programmer who writes code for medical devices.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Informatics Nurse Specialist serves as the bridge between clinical
practice and technology, translating clinical needs into system requirements and
ensuring systems support nursing workflow. Staff nurses (A) are users, not specialists.
The CIO (B) is an executive leadership role. Programmers (D) develop software but lack
clinical expertise.
Q5: (SATA) Which of the following are primary ethical principles that must be
considered in nursing informatics, according to the ANA? Select all that apply.
A. Autonomy (respect for patient's right to make informed decisions about their data).
[CORRECT]
, B. Beneficence (using data to promote patient well-being). [CORRECT]
C. Nonmaleficence (avoiding harm through data breaches or misuse). [CORRECT]
D. Justice (ensuring equitable access to and benefits from health IT). [CORRECT]
E. Fidelity (maintaining hardware systems)
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The ANA's Ethics in Nursing Informatics position statement applies
traditional bioethical principles to the informatics context. Autonomy relates to consent
and data sharing. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence guide system design and data use
to help and not harm. Justice addresses the digital divide and algorithmic bias. Fidelity
(E) refers to loyalty/keeping promises in traditional ethics, not hardware maintenance.
Q6: Under HIPAA, which of the following constitutes a breach of Protected Health
Information (PHI) requiring notification?
A. A nurse discusses a patient's condition with the physician caring for that patient.
B. A nurse accidentally faxes a patient's records to the wrong physician's office,
exposing PHI to an unauthorized individual. [CORRECT]
C. A nurse reviews the medical record of a patient assigned to her care.
D. A nurse shares de-identified data for quality improvement research.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HIPAA permits disclosure for treatment, payment, and operations (A, C).
De-identified data (D) is not PHI. However, unauthorized disclosure to the wrong
Advanced Practice
Midterm Exam | Latest 2026
Section 1: Foundational Concepts & Theoretical Frameworks (Questions 1-20)
Q1: According to the Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm, which of
the following best exemplifies Knowledge in a clinical setting?
A. A single blood glucose reading of 210 mg/dL.
B. A trend graph showing a patient's glucose levels are consistently elevated
post-prandially over one week.
C. The understanding that consistent post-prandial hyperglycemia indicates a need to
adjust the patient's diabetes management plan. [CORRECT]
D. The clinical judgment to initiate a conversation with the patient about medication
adherence and dietary choices.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the DIKW model: Data is raw facts (A). Information is organized/processed
data that gives context (B - a trend). Knowledge is the synthesis of information to
identify patterns, relationships, and principles (C - understanding what the trend means
in terms of disease management). Wisdom is the application of knowledge with
experience to make sound judgments (D).
,Q2: Which of the following best defines Nursing Informatics according to the American
Nurses Association (ANA)?
A. The use of computers to document patient care.
B. The specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management
and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information,
knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. [CORRECT]
C. The technical support department that fixes computer hardware issues.
D. The administrative function responsible for billing and coding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ANA Scope and Standards of Practice for Nursing Informatics (3rd
Edition, 2022) defines informatics as the integration of nursing science with information
and analytical sciences to support all aspects of nursing practice. It is not merely
computer use (A), IT support (C), or billing (D)—it is a distinct specialty focused on
optimizing data flow to improve patient outcomes.
Q3: In the Graves and Corcoran Model (1989), which component represents the
application of data and information to solve problems?
A. Data
B. Information
C. Knowledge [CORRECT]
D. Wisdom
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale: The Graves and Corcoran Model established the foundation for the DIKW
hierarchy in nursing. Knowledge involves the organization and processing of
information to solve problems and make decisions. Data (A) are raw symbols;
Information (B) is data with meaning; Wisdom (D) is the ethical application of
knowledge.
Q4: Which role best describes an Informatics Nurse Specialist (INS) who leads the
selection, implementation, and optimization of a clinical information system?
A. Staff nurse who documents in the EHR.
B. Chief Information Officer (CIO) responsible for all hospital IT infrastructure.
C. Clinical analyst who bridges nursing practice and technology design. [CORRECT]
D. Software programmer who writes code for medical devices.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Informatics Nurse Specialist serves as the bridge between clinical
practice and technology, translating clinical needs into system requirements and
ensuring systems support nursing workflow. Staff nurses (A) are users, not specialists.
The CIO (B) is an executive leadership role. Programmers (D) develop software but lack
clinical expertise.
Q5: (SATA) Which of the following are primary ethical principles that must be
considered in nursing informatics, according to the ANA? Select all that apply.
A. Autonomy (respect for patient's right to make informed decisions about their data).
[CORRECT]
, B. Beneficence (using data to promote patient well-being). [CORRECT]
C. Nonmaleficence (avoiding harm through data breaches or misuse). [CORRECT]
D. Justice (ensuring equitable access to and benefits from health IT). [CORRECT]
E. Fidelity (maintaining hardware systems)
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The ANA's Ethics in Nursing Informatics position statement applies
traditional bioethical principles to the informatics context. Autonomy relates to consent
and data sharing. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence guide system design and data use
to help and not harm. Justice addresses the digital divide and algorithmic bias. Fidelity
(E) refers to loyalty/keeping promises in traditional ethics, not hardware maintenance.
Q6: Under HIPAA, which of the following constitutes a breach of Protected Health
Information (PHI) requiring notification?
A. A nurse discusses a patient's condition with the physician caring for that patient.
B. A nurse accidentally faxes a patient's records to the wrong physician's office,
exposing PHI to an unauthorized individual. [CORRECT]
C. A nurse reviews the medical record of a patient assigned to her care.
D. A nurse shares de-identified data for quality improvement research.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HIPAA permits disclosure for treatment, payment, and operations (A, C).
De-identified data (D) is not PHI. However, unauthorized disclosure to the wrong
