PSYC 140 FINAL EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS - LATEST AND COMPLETE
UPDATE WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS –
ASSURED PASS WITH INSTANT DOWNLOAD
PDF.
1. A researcher designs a study to determine whether sleep deprivation impairs
attention. Participants are randomly assigned to either a sleep-deprived
group or a well-rested group. What is the independent variable?
A. Participants’ attention scores
B. Amount of sleep deprivation
C. Participants’ baseline cognitive ability
D. Time of day attention is measured
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor manipulated by the
researcher; here it is the level of sleep deprivation.
2. Which perspective in psychology emphasizes unconscious processes and
early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior?
A. Behaviorist
B. Cognitive
C. Psychodynamic
D. Humanistic
Rationale: Psychodynamic theory, originating with Freud, focuses on
unconscious motives and early experiences.
3. A neuron’s resting potential is primarily maintained by which mechanism?
A. Diffusion of neurotransmitters
B. Synaptic vesicle release
C. The sodium–potassium pump
, D. Action potential firing
Rationale: The sodium–potassium pump maintains the resting membrane
potential by regulating ion concentrations.
4. Damage to Broca’s area would most likely result in difficulty with:
A. Understanding spoken language
B. Producing fluent speech
C. Recognizing familiar faces
D. Processing emotional tone
Rationale: Broca’s area is responsible for speech production; damage leads
to expressive aphasia.
5. A psychologist who explains behavior in terms of reinforcement histories is
using which approach?
A. Biological
B. Behavioral
C. Humanistic
D. Evolutionary
Rationale: The behavioral approach focuses on observable behavior shaped
by reinforcement and punishment.
6. In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is best described as:
A. A stimulus that naturally elicits a response
B. A previously neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a
response
C. The learned response itself
D. A consequence following behavior
Rationale: The conditioned stimulus starts neutral and becomes associated
with the unconditioned stimulus.
,7. A rat presses a lever more often after food pellets are delivered following the
behavior. This illustrates:
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Extinction
Rationale: Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to
increase behavior.
8. Which memory system has the largest capacity but shortest duration?
A. Working memory
B. Sensory memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Episodic memory
Rationale: Sensory memory briefly holds large amounts of sensory
information.
9. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon best demonstrates a failure of:
A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval
D. Consolidation
Rationale: Information is stored but temporarily inaccessible, indicating a
retrieval failure.
10.A student who organizes information into meaningful categories to improve
recall is using:
A. Maintenance rehearsal
B. Elaborative rehearsal
C. Procedural memory
, D. Echoic memory
Rationale: Elaborative rehearsal enhances memory by linking new
information to existing knowledge.
11.According to Piaget, conservation of quantity typically develops during
which stage?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Rationale: Conservation emerges in the concrete operational stage.
12.An infant who has formed a mental representation of an absent object has
developed:
A. Habituation
B. Stranger anxiety
C. Object permanence
D. Theory of mind
Rationale: Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to
exist when out of sight.
13.Which parenting style is associated with high warmth and high control?
A. Authoritarian
B. Permissive
C. Authoritative
D. Uninvolved
Rationale: Authoritative parenting combines responsiveness with
appropriate demands.
14.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs suggests that which needs must be satisfied
first?
AND ANSWERS - LATEST AND COMPLETE
UPDATE WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS –
ASSURED PASS WITH INSTANT DOWNLOAD
PDF.
1. A researcher designs a study to determine whether sleep deprivation impairs
attention. Participants are randomly assigned to either a sleep-deprived
group or a well-rested group. What is the independent variable?
A. Participants’ attention scores
B. Amount of sleep deprivation
C. Participants’ baseline cognitive ability
D. Time of day attention is measured
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor manipulated by the
researcher; here it is the level of sleep deprivation.
2. Which perspective in psychology emphasizes unconscious processes and
early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior?
A. Behaviorist
B. Cognitive
C. Psychodynamic
D. Humanistic
Rationale: Psychodynamic theory, originating with Freud, focuses on
unconscious motives and early experiences.
3. A neuron’s resting potential is primarily maintained by which mechanism?
A. Diffusion of neurotransmitters
B. Synaptic vesicle release
C. The sodium–potassium pump
, D. Action potential firing
Rationale: The sodium–potassium pump maintains the resting membrane
potential by regulating ion concentrations.
4. Damage to Broca’s area would most likely result in difficulty with:
A. Understanding spoken language
B. Producing fluent speech
C. Recognizing familiar faces
D. Processing emotional tone
Rationale: Broca’s area is responsible for speech production; damage leads
to expressive aphasia.
5. A psychologist who explains behavior in terms of reinforcement histories is
using which approach?
A. Biological
B. Behavioral
C. Humanistic
D. Evolutionary
Rationale: The behavioral approach focuses on observable behavior shaped
by reinforcement and punishment.
6. In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is best described as:
A. A stimulus that naturally elicits a response
B. A previously neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a
response
C. The learned response itself
D. A consequence following behavior
Rationale: The conditioned stimulus starts neutral and becomes associated
with the unconditioned stimulus.
,7. A rat presses a lever more often after food pellets are delivered following the
behavior. This illustrates:
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Extinction
Rationale: Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to
increase behavior.
8. Which memory system has the largest capacity but shortest duration?
A. Working memory
B. Sensory memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Episodic memory
Rationale: Sensory memory briefly holds large amounts of sensory
information.
9. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon best demonstrates a failure of:
A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval
D. Consolidation
Rationale: Information is stored but temporarily inaccessible, indicating a
retrieval failure.
10.A student who organizes information into meaningful categories to improve
recall is using:
A. Maintenance rehearsal
B. Elaborative rehearsal
C. Procedural memory
, D. Echoic memory
Rationale: Elaborative rehearsal enhances memory by linking new
information to existing knowledge.
11.According to Piaget, conservation of quantity typically develops during
which stage?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Rationale: Conservation emerges in the concrete operational stage.
12.An infant who has formed a mental representation of an absent object has
developed:
A. Habituation
B. Stranger anxiety
C. Object permanence
D. Theory of mind
Rationale: Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to
exist when out of sight.
13.Which parenting style is associated with high warmth and high control?
A. Authoritarian
B. Permissive
C. Authoritative
D. Uninvolved
Rationale: Authoritative parenting combines responsiveness with
appropriate demands.
14.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs suggests that which needs must be satisfied
first?
