NR606 Week 7 Questions and Answers

NR606 Week 7 Questions and Answers What did the CDC and Kaiser Permanente investigate? Childhood abuse, neglect, and stressful events What did the study find? Strong relationship between ACEs and health risk behaviors and disease in adulthood What did later studies find? ACEs increase likelihood of adversity, chronic illness, and early death What are some examples of later studies? Boppre & Boyer (2021), LaNoue et al. (2020), Lee et al. (2020), Struck et al. (2021) What are some examples of ACEs? Sexual or domestic violence, abuse, neglect, unsafe home environment. How do ACEs affect the developing brain? They adversely affect brain structure and functioning. What factors impact a child's response to trauma? Frequency, seriousness, type of traumatic event, prior trauma history, and availability of support. How common are ACEs in adults? One in six adults have experienced four or more ACEs. What are the leading causes of death related to ACEs? Five or more of the top 10 leading causes of death. Who is at greater risk of experiencing four or more ACEs? Females and racial/ethnic minority groups. What is the ACE Pyramid? Conceptual framework for studying ACEs. What did the ACE study reveal? ACEs are strongly related to risk factors for poor health and social consequences. What did the ACE study identify? Risk factors for ACEs and informed prevention programs. What does the ACE Pyramid represent? Mechanisms by which ACEs influence health and well-being. What is at the top of the ACE Pyramid? Generational embodiment / Historical trauma. What is in the middle of the ACE Pyramid? Social conditions / Local context. What is at the bottom of the ACE Pyramid? Early death. What is disrupted by ACEs? Neurodevelopment. What impairments can result from ACEs? Social, emotional, and cognitive impairment. What behavior may be adopted as a result of ACEs? Health risk behavior. What problems can arise from ACEs? Disease, disability, and social problems. What are individual risk factors for ACEs? Factors specific to the individual's circumstances. What is a lack of closeness to parents/caregivers? Emotional distance from parents or caregivers. What is early sexual activity? Engaging in sexual behavior at a young age. What does it mean to have few or no friends? Having a small or nonexistent social circle. What are friends who engage in aggressive or delinquent behavior? Peers who participate in violent or criminal activities. What are caregiving challenges related to children with disabilities, mental health issues, or chronic physical illnesses? Difficulties faced by caregivers of children with special needs. What is a limited understanding of children's needs or development? Lack of knowledge about child development and their requirements. What are caregivers who were abused or neglected as children? Parents or caregivers who experienced abuse or neglect during their own childhood. Who are young caregivers or single parents? Individuals who take care of children at a young age or without a partner. What are the effects of low income or low levels of education? Negative impact of poverty and limited education on parenting. What are high levels of parenting stress or economic stress? Significant stress experienced by parents due to financial or parenting challenges. What is isolation in the context of risk factors? Being socially isolated or lacking a support network. What are high conflict and negative communication styles? Frequent arguments and unhealthy communication patterns within the family. What are attitudes accepting of or justifying violence or aggression? Beliefs that condone or rationalize violent or aggressive behavior. What are high rates of violence and crime in the community? A community with a significant amount of violent and criminal activities. What are high rates of poverty and limited educational and economic opportunities? A community with a large number of people living in poverty and lacking educational and economic prospects. What are high unemployment rates? A community with a high percentage of people without jobs. What is easy access to drugs and alcohol? Readily available substances that can be abused. What are few community activities for young people? Limited opportunities for youth engagement and involvement in the community. What is unstable housing and frequent resident movement? Lack of stable housing and frequent relocation of residents. What is food insecurity? Lack of consistent access to nutritious and sufficient food. What is intimate partner violence? Abuse or violence within a romantic or domestic relationship. What is physical abuse? Parent or caregiver causing physical injury to a child. What percentage of child maltreatment cases involve physical abuse? Approximately 10%. What are some effects of physical abuse on children? Struggle with self-esteem, social relationships, trust, stress reactions. What is sexual abuse? Any interaction where a child is used for sexual gratification. What percentage of child maltreatment cases involve sexual abuse? Approximately 7%. What are some long-term consequences of sexual abuse? Increased risk for substance abuse, risky sexual behaviors, self-harm, PTSD, depression, and anxiety. What is child neglect? Failure to provide for a child's needs. What percentage of child maltreatment cases involve neglect? Approximately 60%. What are some age-appropriate needs that can be neglected? Food, shelter, clothing, education, medical care, supervision, and emotional needs. What can neglect result in? Long-lasting physical or psychological harm. What is neglect often tied to? Poverty. What are some signs of neglect in children? Poor hygiene, inadequate weight gain, inappropriate clothing. What is household instability? Contributing factor to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). What can cause family instability? Parental mental illness, stress, substance abuse, or suicide. How does parental mental health problems affect children? Positively associated with mental health problems in children and adolescents. What is a risk factor for family instability? Violence toward the mother in the family. What can children exposed to family instability struggle with? Social, cognitive, or behavioral difficulties. What can cause instability in children? Loss of a parent or caregiver due to death, divorce, abandonment, or incarceration. How many children worldwide lost a parent or caregiver due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Over 5.2 million by 2022. Why was the loss of a parent or caregiver included in the National Survey of Children's Health? Due to its profound impact on a child's psychological well-being. What are cultural challenges? Challenges related to a person's cultural background. How does community violence affect children? Can have negative effects on their well-being and development. What are some examples of community violence? Gang violence, shootings, or domestic violence. How can cultural challenges impact children? Can affect their sense of identity, belonging, and well-being. What are some examples of cultural challenges? Language barriers, discrimination, or conflicting cultural values.