APHY 101 IVY TECH STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔parasympathetic divisions of autonomic nervous system - ✔✔slows down
"rest and digest"
✔✔sympathetic divisions of autonomic nervous system - ✔✔sympathetic- speeds up
"fight or flight"
✔✔Five receptor types - ✔✔Chemoreceptors
pain receptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors
✔✔sensory adaptation - ✔✔ability to ignore unimportant stimuli, stronger stimulus
require to trigger response
✔✔free nerve endings - ✔✔sense itching
✔✔Meissners corpusles - ✔✔detect fine touch
✔✔Pacinian corpuscles - ✔✔detect heavy pressure and vibrations in joints
✔✔warm receptors - ✔✔sensitive to temp above 25C
unresponsive to temp 45C
✔✔cold receptors - ✔✔sensitive to temp 10-20C
✔✔muscle spindles - ✔✔sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily
detect changes in the length of this muscl
✔✔golgi tendon organs - ✔✔senses changes in muscle tension
✔✔describe olfactory sensations - ✔✔olfactory nerves --> olfacotry bulbs --> olfactory
tracts --> limbic system and olfactory cortex
✔✔describe taste sensations - ✔✔impulse form taste receptors --> cranial nerve VII,
IX,X --> medulla oblongata --> thalamus --> gustatory cortex
✔✔parts of outer ear - ✔✔auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
, ✔✔parts of middle ear - ✔✔tympanic cavity
auditory canal
oval window
ossicles - mallus, incus, stapes
✔✔parts of inner ear - ✔✔osseous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
chochlea
semicircular canals
vestibule
✔✔How are sound vibrations transmitted to the inner ear - ✔✔Sounds are channeled
into the outer ear, they vibrate the eardrum, which moves the bones of the middle ear
(the hammer, anvil and stirrup) which vibrates the outer edge of the cochlea, which
send vibration waves to the hairs in the fluid filled inner ear, which sends neuron signals
to the brain, which interprets the signals and creates what we recognize as sounds. The
fluid gives oxygen to the inner ear as the pulse of the blood vessels would deafen us.
✔✔how to hearing receptors work - ✔✔the hearing receptors are also known as hair
cells. The hair cells are not real hairs but are cells with 100 or so projections sticking out
that bend in response to movements of the basilar membrane
✔✔static equilibrium - ✔✔vestibule, senses position of head when body is not moving
✔✔dynamic equilibrium - ✔✔semicircular canals, senses rotation and movement of
head and body
✔✔what are rods - ✔✔provide vision in dimlight, colorless vision,, outline of images
✔✔what are cones - ✔✔provide vision in bright light, color vision, sharp images
✔✔what are the parts of the eye? - ✔✔retina
cornea
iris
lens
sclera
choroid coat
✔✔ What is the difference between anatomy and physiology - ✔✔anatomy- study of
structure
physiology- study of function
✔✔what are the levels of organization - ✔✔subatomic particle- protons, electrons,
neutrons
atom
AND SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔parasympathetic divisions of autonomic nervous system - ✔✔slows down
"rest and digest"
✔✔sympathetic divisions of autonomic nervous system - ✔✔sympathetic- speeds up
"fight or flight"
✔✔Five receptor types - ✔✔Chemoreceptors
pain receptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors
✔✔sensory adaptation - ✔✔ability to ignore unimportant stimuli, stronger stimulus
require to trigger response
✔✔free nerve endings - ✔✔sense itching
✔✔Meissners corpusles - ✔✔detect fine touch
✔✔Pacinian corpuscles - ✔✔detect heavy pressure and vibrations in joints
✔✔warm receptors - ✔✔sensitive to temp above 25C
unresponsive to temp 45C
✔✔cold receptors - ✔✔sensitive to temp 10-20C
✔✔muscle spindles - ✔✔sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily
detect changes in the length of this muscl
✔✔golgi tendon organs - ✔✔senses changes in muscle tension
✔✔describe olfactory sensations - ✔✔olfactory nerves --> olfacotry bulbs --> olfactory
tracts --> limbic system and olfactory cortex
✔✔describe taste sensations - ✔✔impulse form taste receptors --> cranial nerve VII,
IX,X --> medulla oblongata --> thalamus --> gustatory cortex
✔✔parts of outer ear - ✔✔auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
, ✔✔parts of middle ear - ✔✔tympanic cavity
auditory canal
oval window
ossicles - mallus, incus, stapes
✔✔parts of inner ear - ✔✔osseous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
chochlea
semicircular canals
vestibule
✔✔How are sound vibrations transmitted to the inner ear - ✔✔Sounds are channeled
into the outer ear, they vibrate the eardrum, which moves the bones of the middle ear
(the hammer, anvil and stirrup) which vibrates the outer edge of the cochlea, which
send vibration waves to the hairs in the fluid filled inner ear, which sends neuron signals
to the brain, which interprets the signals and creates what we recognize as sounds. The
fluid gives oxygen to the inner ear as the pulse of the blood vessels would deafen us.
✔✔how to hearing receptors work - ✔✔the hearing receptors are also known as hair
cells. The hair cells are not real hairs but are cells with 100 or so projections sticking out
that bend in response to movements of the basilar membrane
✔✔static equilibrium - ✔✔vestibule, senses position of head when body is not moving
✔✔dynamic equilibrium - ✔✔semicircular canals, senses rotation and movement of
head and body
✔✔what are rods - ✔✔provide vision in dimlight, colorless vision,, outline of images
✔✔what are cones - ✔✔provide vision in bright light, color vision, sharp images
✔✔what are the parts of the eye? - ✔✔retina
cornea
iris
lens
sclera
choroid coat
✔✔ What is the difference between anatomy and physiology - ✔✔anatomy- study of
structure
physiology- study of function
✔✔what are the levels of organization - ✔✔subatomic particle- protons, electrons,
neutrons
atom
