NURS 403 - LAST EXAM OF NURSING SCHOOL |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
What are the four lobes of the brain? Answer - Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Where is the frontal lobe located & what is it responsible for? Answer - Front
of the brain
Motor movement and personality
Where is the parietal lobe located & what is it responbile for? Answer - Behind
frontal lobe & above temporal lobes
Sensation & Perception
,Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it responsible for? Answer -
Side of the brain, below parietal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe.
Sound recognition, speech, (Brocas and Wernickes area) and short term
memory
Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it responsible for? Answer -
Posterior portion of the skull behind all other lobes
Vision
What does the brainstem consist of? Answer - The pons, medulla, and
midbrain
Basic functioning occurs and all motor/sensory information is relayed. 10/12
cranial nerves sit here
Midbrain processes auditory and visual signals
Medulla controls HR, RR, BP
Pons controls RR / sleep-wake cycle
Where is the cerebellum located and what is it responsible for? Answer - Its
located inferior to the occipital lobe. It is responsible for coordination of
movement.
Issues with this will result in problems w/ gait, unsteadiness.
,What is the cerebral perfusion pressure? Answer - Pressure neeedd to ensure
blood flow to the brain
Normal CPP is 60-100mmHg
Less than 50 will result in ischemia to the brain
Less than 30 is incompatible with life
Formula for CPP is MAP - ICP = CPP
What's a normal cerebral perfusion pressure? Answer - 60-100 mmHg
What's the formula for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)? Answer - MAP - ICP
= CPP
Should be between 60-100 mmHg
What is autoregulation? Answer - the ability of tissues to regulate their own
blood supply despite changes in perfusion (either constrict or dilate)
What are the layers of the meninges? Answer - dura mater (top)
arachnoid mater (middle)
pia mater (closest to brain)
, Where is an epidural hematoma? Answer - Between the skull and the dura
mater
*Emergent* - requires surgery to save their life
Where is a Subdural Hematoma? Answer - between dura and arachnoid space
Often associated with *venous* injuries
Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? Answer - Between the arachnoid mater
and pia mater
Often associated with *aneurysms*
How would intracranial pressure (ICP) be defined? Answer - The hydrostatic
force measured in the brains compartments / pressure in the head.
What is a normal ICP reference range? Answer - 0-15 mmHg
At what ICP level would you intervene for treatment? Answer - If the ICP is
greater than 20 mmHg
What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? Answer - idea that the head is a closed
shell and the three major components (brain, blood, and CSF) are in a state of
dynamic equilibrium
- as the volume of one goes up, the volume of another must go down
This compensatory mechanism can only go on for so long.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
What are the four lobes of the brain? Answer - Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Where is the frontal lobe located & what is it responsible for? Answer - Front
of the brain
Motor movement and personality
Where is the parietal lobe located & what is it responbile for? Answer - Behind
frontal lobe & above temporal lobes
Sensation & Perception
,Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it responsible for? Answer -
Side of the brain, below parietal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe.
Sound recognition, speech, (Brocas and Wernickes area) and short term
memory
Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it responsible for? Answer -
Posterior portion of the skull behind all other lobes
Vision
What does the brainstem consist of? Answer - The pons, medulla, and
midbrain
Basic functioning occurs and all motor/sensory information is relayed. 10/12
cranial nerves sit here
Midbrain processes auditory and visual signals
Medulla controls HR, RR, BP
Pons controls RR / sleep-wake cycle
Where is the cerebellum located and what is it responsible for? Answer - Its
located inferior to the occipital lobe. It is responsible for coordination of
movement.
Issues with this will result in problems w/ gait, unsteadiness.
,What is the cerebral perfusion pressure? Answer - Pressure neeedd to ensure
blood flow to the brain
Normal CPP is 60-100mmHg
Less than 50 will result in ischemia to the brain
Less than 30 is incompatible with life
Formula for CPP is MAP - ICP = CPP
What's a normal cerebral perfusion pressure? Answer - 60-100 mmHg
What's the formula for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)? Answer - MAP - ICP
= CPP
Should be between 60-100 mmHg
What is autoregulation? Answer - the ability of tissues to regulate their own
blood supply despite changes in perfusion (either constrict or dilate)
What are the layers of the meninges? Answer - dura mater (top)
arachnoid mater (middle)
pia mater (closest to brain)
, Where is an epidural hematoma? Answer - Between the skull and the dura
mater
*Emergent* - requires surgery to save their life
Where is a Subdural Hematoma? Answer - between dura and arachnoid space
Often associated with *venous* injuries
Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? Answer - Between the arachnoid mater
and pia mater
Often associated with *aneurysms*
How would intracranial pressure (ICP) be defined? Answer - The hydrostatic
force measured in the brains compartments / pressure in the head.
What is a normal ICP reference range? Answer - 0-15 mmHg
At what ICP level would you intervene for treatment? Answer - If the ICP is
greater than 20 mmHg
What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? Answer - idea that the head is a closed
shell and the three major components (brain, blood, and CSF) are in a state of
dynamic equilibrium
- as the volume of one goes up, the volume of another must go down
This compensatory mechanism can only go on for so long.
