HSCI 190 - Final Exam QUESTIONS WITH
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ANSWERS
What are descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔summarizing and describing data to find patterns |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cannot generalize conclusions beyond the data set
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
visualization of data, measures of central tendency,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variability
What are Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔analyzing data to make general conclusions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
address specific questions about how the world works
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
standard error of the mean (SEM), confidence intervals,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVAs, correlations,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
regressions, and non-parametric tests |\ |\ |\
Power of misinformation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔MMR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vaccine correlated with autism - 1998
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
small sample size, questionable methodology, speculative
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conclusions - still impacted parent's decisions
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2010 disproved - damage done
|\ |\ |\ |\
,Dr. Shipman - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔doctor that killed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
his patients with diamorphine (medical heroin) and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
changed the records of healthy patients after he killed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
them to reflect poorer health
|\ |\ |\ |\
deaths of patients compared to other family doctors in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the area by time
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PPDAC - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Problem
|\ |\ |\ |\
- what is the problem/question?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Plan
- what information do you need to answer the question?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Data
- involves collecting high quality information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Analysis
- sorting, graphing, running statistical tests
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Conclusion
- interpretation, communication, generating new ideas
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Types of data Overview - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Categorical
- nominal
|\
- ordinal
|\
,Scale
- interval
|\
- ratio
|\
Categorical data - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numbers are |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
used to represent categories of information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
qualitative
'discrete' data |\
Categorical data - nominal - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔information grouped in UNORDERED categories |\ |\ |\ |\
only the label holds value
|\ |\ |\ |\
number assigned is meaningless |\ |\ |\
binary or nonbinary |\ |\
ex. yes/no (binary)
|\ |\
ex. blue eyes/brown eyes/green eyes (nonbinary)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Categorical data - Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔information grouped in ORDERED categories |\ |\ |\ |\
number assigned means something but no calculations
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can be made|\ |\
AKA ranked data - positioned by magnitude
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
relative position matters |\ |\
, ex. strongly agree/agree/neutral/disagree/strongly
|\ |\ |\
disagree
Scale data - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numerical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measurement of something where the difference between |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
values has meaning
|\ |\ |\
scale data is quantitative
|\ |\ |\
AKA continuous |\
Scale data - interval - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numerical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measurement on a scale where each point is placed at an |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
equal distance from one another with NO TRUE ZERO
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ex. temp in Celsius - 20 and 30 is the same as the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
difference between 30 and 40, but 0 is not an absence of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heat
Scale data - ratio - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔measurements
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of something where the numbers are not restricted to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
certain values with a TRUE ZERO|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ex. amount of money in your pocket (0= no money)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What type of data is gender - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔nominal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
What are descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔summarizing and describing data to find patterns |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cannot generalize conclusions beyond the data set
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
visualization of data, measures of central tendency,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variability
What are Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔analyzing data to make general conclusions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
address specific questions about how the world works
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
standard error of the mean (SEM), confidence intervals,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVAs, correlations,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
regressions, and non-parametric tests |\ |\ |\
Power of misinformation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔MMR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vaccine correlated with autism - 1998
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
small sample size, questionable methodology, speculative
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conclusions - still impacted parent's decisions
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2010 disproved - damage done
|\ |\ |\ |\
,Dr. Shipman - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔doctor that killed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
his patients with diamorphine (medical heroin) and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
changed the records of healthy patients after he killed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
them to reflect poorer health
|\ |\ |\ |\
deaths of patients compared to other family doctors in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the area by time
|\ |\ |\
PPDAC - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Problem
|\ |\ |\ |\
- what is the problem/question?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Plan
- what information do you need to answer the question?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Data
- involves collecting high quality information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Analysis
- sorting, graphing, running statistical tests
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Conclusion
- interpretation, communication, generating new ideas
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Types of data Overview - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Categorical
- nominal
|\
- ordinal
|\
,Scale
- interval
|\
- ratio
|\
Categorical data - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numbers are |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
used to represent categories of information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
qualitative
'discrete' data |\
Categorical data - nominal - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔information grouped in UNORDERED categories |\ |\ |\ |\
only the label holds value
|\ |\ |\ |\
number assigned is meaningless |\ |\ |\
binary or nonbinary |\ |\
ex. yes/no (binary)
|\ |\
ex. blue eyes/brown eyes/green eyes (nonbinary)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Categorical data - Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔information grouped in ORDERED categories |\ |\ |\ |\
number assigned means something but no calculations
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can be made|\ |\
AKA ranked data - positioned by magnitude
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
relative position matters |\ |\
, ex. strongly agree/agree/neutral/disagree/strongly
|\ |\ |\
disagree
Scale data - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numerical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measurement of something where the difference between |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
values has meaning
|\ |\ |\
scale data is quantitative
|\ |\ |\
AKA continuous |\
Scale data - interval - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numerical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measurement on a scale where each point is placed at an |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
equal distance from one another with NO TRUE ZERO
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ex. temp in Celsius - 20 and 30 is the same as the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
difference between 30 and 40, but 0 is not an absence of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heat
Scale data - ratio - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔measurements
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of something where the numbers are not restricted to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
certain values with a TRUE ZERO|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ex. amount of money in your pocket (0= no money)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What type of data is gender - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔nominal
