NFDN 2003 FINAL EXAM PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NFDN 2003 FINAL EXAM PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

◉ Hypovolemia symptoms. Answer: - weak
- rapid pulse
- dizziness
- thirst
- weight loss
- decreased BP


◉ Hypervolemia symptoms. Answer: - weight gain
- SOB
- wheezing/crackles
- tachycardia
- increased urinary output
- increase BP


◉ Hyponatremia. Answer: low sodium levels


◉ Hyponatremia causes. Answer: - excess sweeting
- increased H2O

,- use of diuretics


◉ Hypernatremia. Answer: excess sodium leves


◉ Hypernatremia causes. Answer: - diarrhea
- heat stroke
- hyperventilation


◉ pH normal levels. Answer: 7.35-7.45


◉ PaCO2 normal levels. Answer: 35-45mmHg


◉ HCO3 (Bicarb) normal levels. Answer: 22-26mmol/L


◉ Respiratory Acidosis. Answer: - results from retention of CO2 &
decrease of pH


◉ Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms. Answer: - increased pulse
- increased resps
- increased BP
- mental cloudiness

, ◉ Respiratory Acidosis Treatment. Answer: - bronchodilators
- anticoagulants
- place pt in semi fowlers


◉ Respiratory Alkalosis. Answer: - rapid or excess elimination of
CO2 & increase pH
- cause: hyperventilation


◉ Respiratory Alkalosis symptoms. Answer: - dizzy
- light headed
- paraesthesia of extremities


◉ Respiratory Alkalosis Treatment. Answer: - slow breathing
- breath into paper bag


◉ Metabolic Acidosis. Answer: - decrease bicarb (HCO3)
- pH = < 7.35


◉ Metabolic Acidosis symptoms. Answer: - headache
- confusion
- drowsiness
- increase resp rate