NR 507 Endocrine System, NR507 Midterm, NR 507 Final
questions and answers review
The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - Correct AnswersFalse.
Catatonic behavior involves bizarre movements, posture, and responsiveness. - Correct
Answerstrue
postitive symptoms - Correct AnswersDelusions: are thing that the individual feels strong about
that they refuse to change their mind even if there is evidence against their stance:
delusion of control-some outside force is controlling their actions
Delusion of reference: insignificant remarks are directed at them
Hallucinations: any type of sensation that is not actually there (visual) of auditory-hearing things
that are not there.
Disorganized speech: word salad- a random juggling of words or phrases.
Disorganized behavior: bizarre behavior that is out of context to the situation with no purpose
(wearing a heavy coat in the summer).
Catatonic behavior: bizarre movements, posture, and responsiveness; stupor and unresponsive
to moving.
Negative symptoms - Correct AnswersDecreased emotions/Loss of interests:
Flat affect: does not respond to an emotion or reaction that would seem appropriate to the
situation
Alogia: lack of content in the speech
Avolition: a decrease in motivation to complete certain goals
cognitive symptoms - Correct AnswersMemory
,Ability to learn new things
Understanding
Symptoms are subtle and may only be detected when specific tests are performed. For example,
the individual may not be able to keep up with several tasks at once.
Prodromal phase - Correct Answersbecome withdrawn and spend most time alone
active phase - Correct Answersmore severe symptoms like delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech or behavior or catatonic behavior
residual phase - Correct Answerscognitive symptoms not being able to concentrate or becoming
withdrawn
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When this
occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm -
Correct AnswersTrue.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors
in the cell's cytoplasm.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Correct AnswersTrue.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
,To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors
inside the cell membrane - Correct AnswersFalse.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside
the cell membrane.
The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - Correct AnswersTrue.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Correct AnswersFalse.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The
anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. - Correct
AnswersThis statement is true.
Hyperthyroidism - Correct AnswersElevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
Hypothyroidism - Correct AnswersDecreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
Type 1 DM - Correct AnswersOnset 1<10-20 years
, Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of autoimmune
destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - Correct AnswersUsually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and
other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - Correct Answersresponsible for secreting glucagon
beta cells - Correct Answersresponsible for secreting insulin and amylin
questions and answers review
The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - Correct AnswersFalse.
Catatonic behavior involves bizarre movements, posture, and responsiveness. - Correct
Answerstrue
postitive symptoms - Correct AnswersDelusions: are thing that the individual feels strong about
that they refuse to change their mind even if there is evidence against their stance:
delusion of control-some outside force is controlling their actions
Delusion of reference: insignificant remarks are directed at them
Hallucinations: any type of sensation that is not actually there (visual) of auditory-hearing things
that are not there.
Disorganized speech: word salad- a random juggling of words or phrases.
Disorganized behavior: bizarre behavior that is out of context to the situation with no purpose
(wearing a heavy coat in the summer).
Catatonic behavior: bizarre movements, posture, and responsiveness; stupor and unresponsive
to moving.
Negative symptoms - Correct AnswersDecreased emotions/Loss of interests:
Flat affect: does not respond to an emotion or reaction that would seem appropriate to the
situation
Alogia: lack of content in the speech
Avolition: a decrease in motivation to complete certain goals
cognitive symptoms - Correct AnswersMemory
,Ability to learn new things
Understanding
Symptoms are subtle and may only be detected when specific tests are performed. For example,
the individual may not be able to keep up with several tasks at once.
Prodromal phase - Correct Answersbecome withdrawn and spend most time alone
active phase - Correct Answersmore severe symptoms like delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech or behavior or catatonic behavior
residual phase - Correct Answerscognitive symptoms not being able to concentrate or becoming
withdrawn
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When this
occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm -
Correct AnswersTrue.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors
in the cell's cytoplasm.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Correct AnswersTrue.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
,To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors
inside the cell membrane - Correct AnswersFalse.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside
the cell membrane.
The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - Correct AnswersTrue.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Correct AnswersFalse.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The
anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. - Correct
AnswersThis statement is true.
Hyperthyroidism - Correct AnswersElevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
Hypothyroidism - Correct AnswersDecreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
Type 1 DM - Correct AnswersOnset 1<10-20 years
, Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of autoimmune
destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - Correct AnswersUsually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and
other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - Correct Answersresponsible for secreting glucagon
beta cells - Correct Answersresponsible for secreting insulin and amylin
