PHM 431 Exam 3 Detailed Study
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Edition
1. One of your friends occasionally enjoys a few beers at home. For fun, your
friend is given a sobriety test (higher score = higher sobriety) before and
after drinking 3 Bell's Two-Hearted Ales at home. Several weeks later, your
friend has 3 Two-Hearted Ales at the house of a new neighbor and he is
given the sobriety test again. What mechanism is likely responsible for the
differences on performance on the sobriety test? - ANSWER Situational
Tolerance
2. The cognitive and memory enhancing effects of caffeine are mediated by: -
ANSWER A1 adenosine receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus
3. Adenosine-induced activation of A2A adenosine receptors in the striatum: -
ANSWER Stimulates cAMP production and activation of protein kinase A
which leads to an increase in GABA release and a decrease in motor output
from the striatum
4. Caffeine protects against the risk of developing which disorder? -
ANSWER Parkinson's Disease
5. Disulfiram is being tested as a treatment for cocaine addiction because it
blocks: - ANSWER Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
,6. A 26-year-old male has died of a drug overdose. Post-mortem blood samples
reveal the presence of cocaethylene, benzoylecognidine, and ecgonidine
methylester. The drug overdose was caused by: - ANSWER Cocaine HCl &
alcohol (alcohol needed to form cocaethylene)
7. Although there are many types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the
brain, the rewarding effects produced by CHRONIC cigarette smoking are
mediated at: - ANSWER Presynaptic alpha-7 receptors (slowly
desensitizing receptors on glutamate nerve endings; cause increased
glutamate release onto the VTA DA neurons)
8. The rewarding effects produced by ACUTE cigarette smoking are mediated
at: - ANSWER Postsynaptic alpha-4, beta-2 receptors
9. Lesion of what brain area would block the rewarding effects of acute
nicotine exposure: - ANSWER Tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (TPP)
10.Amphetamines increase attention and awareness by the user of their
environment. The brain region affected by amphetamine that mediates this
response is the: - ANSWER Locus ceruleus (novelty detector)
11.Which enzyme expressed in the liver is responsible for degradation of
catecholamines found in the diet and absorbed from the small intestine? -
ANSWER Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
12.A 24-year-old graduate student has died of a drug overdose. Postmortem
blood samples reveal the presence of: methylecgonidine, benzoylecognidine
and ecgonidine methylester. The drug overdose was caused by: - ANSWER
Crack cocaine
, 13.Which is NOT a target for the action of caffeine? - ANSWER Dopamine-
beta-hydroxylase (targets: phosphodiesterase, adenosine A1 and A2A
receptors)
14.Cocaine and alcohol are commonly co-used and abused drugs. Disulfiram is
a useful drug treatment for alcohol and cocaine abuse. Which is NOT a
mechanism of action of disulfiram for effective treatment of cocaine/alcohol
abuse? - ANSWER Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase (mechanisms:
inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and carboxylesterases, accumulation
of cocaethylene)
15.Weight gain is a predictor for nicotine relapse after a smoking cessation
treatment. Which might be useful as an adjunct treatment that would
minimize weight gain in a subject who is trying to quit cigarettes? -
ANSWER CART peptides (formed following cocaine/amphetamine use,
appetite suppressing peptides)
16.There are several FDA approved drug treatments for nicotine addiction.
What are correct drug-mechanism pairings? - ANSWER Varenicline -
alpha-4, beta-2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist
Bupropion - norepinephrine transporter inhibitor
17.PCP treatment of lab rats produces behavioral changes that mimic
schizophrenia. In PCP-treated rats, antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine
restore normal functioning of the thalamus but not the: - ANSWER
Prefrontal cortex
18.Although MDMA is structurally similar to amphetamine, it has
pharmacological properties that differ from amphetamine. The major
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Edition
1. One of your friends occasionally enjoys a few beers at home. For fun, your
friend is given a sobriety test (higher score = higher sobriety) before and
after drinking 3 Bell's Two-Hearted Ales at home. Several weeks later, your
friend has 3 Two-Hearted Ales at the house of a new neighbor and he is
given the sobriety test again. What mechanism is likely responsible for the
differences on performance on the sobriety test? - ANSWER Situational
Tolerance
2. The cognitive and memory enhancing effects of caffeine are mediated by: -
ANSWER A1 adenosine receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus
3. Adenosine-induced activation of A2A adenosine receptors in the striatum: -
ANSWER Stimulates cAMP production and activation of protein kinase A
which leads to an increase in GABA release and a decrease in motor output
from the striatum
4. Caffeine protects against the risk of developing which disorder? -
ANSWER Parkinson's Disease
5. Disulfiram is being tested as a treatment for cocaine addiction because it
blocks: - ANSWER Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
,6. A 26-year-old male has died of a drug overdose. Post-mortem blood samples
reveal the presence of cocaethylene, benzoylecognidine, and ecgonidine
methylester. The drug overdose was caused by: - ANSWER Cocaine HCl &
alcohol (alcohol needed to form cocaethylene)
7. Although there are many types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the
brain, the rewarding effects produced by CHRONIC cigarette smoking are
mediated at: - ANSWER Presynaptic alpha-7 receptors (slowly
desensitizing receptors on glutamate nerve endings; cause increased
glutamate release onto the VTA DA neurons)
8. The rewarding effects produced by ACUTE cigarette smoking are mediated
at: - ANSWER Postsynaptic alpha-4, beta-2 receptors
9. Lesion of what brain area would block the rewarding effects of acute
nicotine exposure: - ANSWER Tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (TPP)
10.Amphetamines increase attention and awareness by the user of their
environment. The brain region affected by amphetamine that mediates this
response is the: - ANSWER Locus ceruleus (novelty detector)
11.Which enzyme expressed in the liver is responsible for degradation of
catecholamines found in the diet and absorbed from the small intestine? -
ANSWER Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
12.A 24-year-old graduate student has died of a drug overdose. Postmortem
blood samples reveal the presence of: methylecgonidine, benzoylecognidine
and ecgonidine methylester. The drug overdose was caused by: - ANSWER
Crack cocaine
, 13.Which is NOT a target for the action of caffeine? - ANSWER Dopamine-
beta-hydroxylase (targets: phosphodiesterase, adenosine A1 and A2A
receptors)
14.Cocaine and alcohol are commonly co-used and abused drugs. Disulfiram is
a useful drug treatment for alcohol and cocaine abuse. Which is NOT a
mechanism of action of disulfiram for effective treatment of cocaine/alcohol
abuse? - ANSWER Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase (mechanisms:
inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and carboxylesterases, accumulation
of cocaethylene)
15.Weight gain is a predictor for nicotine relapse after a smoking cessation
treatment. Which might be useful as an adjunct treatment that would
minimize weight gain in a subject who is trying to quit cigarettes? -
ANSWER CART peptides (formed following cocaine/amphetamine use,
appetite suppressing peptides)
16.There are several FDA approved drug treatments for nicotine addiction.
What are correct drug-mechanism pairings? - ANSWER Varenicline -
alpha-4, beta-2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist
Bupropion - norepinephrine transporter inhibitor
17.PCP treatment of lab rats produces behavioral changes that mimic
schizophrenia. In PCP-treated rats, antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine
restore normal functioning of the thalamus but not the: - ANSWER
Prefrontal cortex
18.Although MDMA is structurally similar to amphetamine, it has
pharmacological properties that differ from amphetamine. The major
