The Nature of Variables the cause; the second, the effect that you can 3. Covariate – included in the research study to
Variables subject to any form of measurement. create interactions with the independent and
Are “changing qualities or characteristics” of However, as you carry out the research, it is dependent variables
persons or things like age, gender, possible that one, two, or more variables or 4. Continuous – quantitative in nature and is used in
intelligence, ideas, achievements, confidence, extra variables crop up to create an impact interval or ratio scale of measurement
and so on that are involved in your research on the relationship between the independent 5. Dichotomous – has only two possible results: one
study. and dependent variables. Being extra or zero
Made up of the root or base word “vary” variables, they form this other type of 6. Latent – cannot be directly observed like
which means to undergo changes or to differ variables called extraneous variables. personality traits
from, variables have different or varying For example, in the case of SFG vs. IC, (the first as 7. Manifest – can be directly observed to give proofs
values in relation to time and situation. the independent variable; the second as the to latent variables
• (Tell your students: For instance, as years go dependent variable) extraneous variables like 8. Exogenous – found outside an identified model
by, your age or intelligence increases. But age, gender, or personality traits may suddenly 9. Endogenous – found inside; as a part of identified
placed in a situation where you are afflicted surface to create effects on the relationships of model
with a disease or have no means of reading the two basic variables. Such extraneous The List of Research Hypotheses
or no access to any sources of knowledge, Hypothesis –is a tentative explanation or an answer
variables are called participant variables if they
your intelligence tend to decrease (Suter to a question about variables, their relationships, and
refer to the moods, emotions, or intelligence of
2013, p. 137). other facts involved in the research.
• In research, especially in a quantitative the subject; situational variables, if they pertain A hypothesis has to be tested through analytical
research, one important thing you have to to nature of the place: smelly, chilly, cold, hot, investigation to prove how true or false it is. (Creswell
focus on at the start of your study is to spacious, and the like. 2014; Russell 2013)
determine the variables involved in your Other Types of Variables Purposes of Research Hypotheses
study. Unless you spend some time Extraneous variables are to be controlled by • They guide you on which aspect of the
pondering on variables in your research, your you, the experimenter. But if they do not give research to focus on.
work has no chance of attaining its goal. Your in to your control, they become confounding • They provide opportunities to prove the
research problem or research topic to which variables that can strongly influence your relationship between variables.
you devote much of your initial research time study. • They give the right direction of the research.
finalizing stands great, if it has wordings on Involved not within the research situation but • They outline your thoughts on your manner
the basic variables involved in your study. outside the research process, the extraneous of summarizing the results and of explaining
Types of Variables variables exist as “nuisance variables,” whose the conclusions.
Independent variables are those that cause potency need to go down to prevent it from • They push for an empirical study to prove the
changes in the subject affecting the results negatively. (Suter 2013, existence of relationship of variables and the
Dependent variables are those that bear or p. 137; Thomas 2013; Schreiber 2012). effects of independent variable on the
manifest the effects caused by the Other Types of Variables (Russell 2013; Babbie 2013) dependent variable.
independent variables. 1. Constant – do not undergo any changes during an Hypotheses Vs. Research Questions
Variable Relationships experiment Their difference lies in the amount of stock
In a scientific way of studying cause-effect 2. Attribute – characteristics of people: intelligence, knowledge you have about the focus of your
relationships, these two variables, creativity, anxiety, learning styles, etc. study.
independent and dependent are part and If you know much about the variables or have
parcel of the research because the first one is lots of knowledge about other factual data
This study source was downloaded by 100000899606070 from CourseHero.com on 02-08-2026 03:10:14 GMT -06:00
Variables subject to any form of measurement. create interactions with the independent and
Are “changing qualities or characteristics” of However, as you carry out the research, it is dependent variables
persons or things like age, gender, possible that one, two, or more variables or 4. Continuous – quantitative in nature and is used in
intelligence, ideas, achievements, confidence, extra variables crop up to create an impact interval or ratio scale of measurement
and so on that are involved in your research on the relationship between the independent 5. Dichotomous – has only two possible results: one
study. and dependent variables. Being extra or zero
Made up of the root or base word “vary” variables, they form this other type of 6. Latent – cannot be directly observed like
which means to undergo changes or to differ variables called extraneous variables. personality traits
from, variables have different or varying For example, in the case of SFG vs. IC, (the first as 7. Manifest – can be directly observed to give proofs
values in relation to time and situation. the independent variable; the second as the to latent variables
• (Tell your students: For instance, as years go dependent variable) extraneous variables like 8. Exogenous – found outside an identified model
by, your age or intelligence increases. But age, gender, or personality traits may suddenly 9. Endogenous – found inside; as a part of identified
placed in a situation where you are afflicted surface to create effects on the relationships of model
with a disease or have no means of reading the two basic variables. Such extraneous The List of Research Hypotheses
or no access to any sources of knowledge, Hypothesis –is a tentative explanation or an answer
variables are called participant variables if they
your intelligence tend to decrease (Suter to a question about variables, their relationships, and
refer to the moods, emotions, or intelligence of
2013, p. 137). other facts involved in the research.
• In research, especially in a quantitative the subject; situational variables, if they pertain A hypothesis has to be tested through analytical
research, one important thing you have to to nature of the place: smelly, chilly, cold, hot, investigation to prove how true or false it is. (Creswell
focus on at the start of your study is to spacious, and the like. 2014; Russell 2013)
determine the variables involved in your Other Types of Variables Purposes of Research Hypotheses
study. Unless you spend some time Extraneous variables are to be controlled by • They guide you on which aspect of the
pondering on variables in your research, your you, the experimenter. But if they do not give research to focus on.
work has no chance of attaining its goal. Your in to your control, they become confounding • They provide opportunities to prove the
research problem or research topic to which variables that can strongly influence your relationship between variables.
you devote much of your initial research time study. • They give the right direction of the research.
finalizing stands great, if it has wordings on Involved not within the research situation but • They outline your thoughts on your manner
the basic variables involved in your study. outside the research process, the extraneous of summarizing the results and of explaining
Types of Variables variables exist as “nuisance variables,” whose the conclusions.
Independent variables are those that cause potency need to go down to prevent it from • They push for an empirical study to prove the
changes in the subject affecting the results negatively. (Suter 2013, existence of relationship of variables and the
Dependent variables are those that bear or p. 137; Thomas 2013; Schreiber 2012). effects of independent variable on the
manifest the effects caused by the Other Types of Variables (Russell 2013; Babbie 2013) dependent variable.
independent variables. 1. Constant – do not undergo any changes during an Hypotheses Vs. Research Questions
Variable Relationships experiment Their difference lies in the amount of stock
In a scientific way of studying cause-effect 2. Attribute – characteristics of people: intelligence, knowledge you have about the focus of your
relationships, these two variables, creativity, anxiety, learning styles, etc. study.
independent and dependent are part and If you know much about the variables or have
parcel of the research because the first one is lots of knowledge about other factual data
This study source was downloaded by 100000899606070 from CourseHero.com on 02-08-2026 03:10:14 GMT -06:00
