FRESENIUS PCT
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WELL ILLUSTRATED.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
answer >>>> (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? answer >>>>
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? answer >>>> Renin is a hormone produced by the
kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on
sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin answer >>>> stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood
cells (BSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? answer >>>> The kidney converts
Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps
to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
,FRESENIUS PCT
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? answer >>>> No longer
produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D O Inadequate or lacking calcitriol
causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to release the
calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4)
o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause
further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? answer >>>> Intracellular-inside the cells
• Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels •
Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? answer >>>> Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia answer >>>> buildup of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? answer >>>> A membrane made from
protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur?
answer >>>> Diffusion will continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the
concentration of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the
electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? answer >>>> Blood and dialysate flow in opposite
directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? answer >>>> Clotted fibers
cause the permeability of the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a
, FRESENIUS PCT
decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result, diffusion does not occur as particles
cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? answer
>>>> The blood compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a
semi-permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? answer >>>> • Hypotonic-containing less
particles • Isotonic-containing equal particles • Hypertonic-containing more
particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? answer
>>>> Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the
first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain,
rushing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterility used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? answer >>>> 50 ml of saline
should be drained from the arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the
venous line
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during
hemodialysis? answer >>>> Place the dialyzer arterial end up during the
treatment.
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? answer >>>> The
dialyzer should be checked for sterility (the dialyzer should either be intact in the
original packaging or if out of the package should have all open ports capped), any
structural damage and be the size and brand that was ordered by the doctor.
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WELL ILLUSTRATED.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
answer >>>> (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? answer >>>>
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? answer >>>> Renin is a hormone produced by the
kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on
sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin answer >>>> stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood
cells (BSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? answer >>>> The kidney converts
Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps
to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
,FRESENIUS PCT
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? answer >>>> No longer
produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D O Inadequate or lacking calcitriol
causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to release the
calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4)
o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause
further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? answer >>>> Intracellular-inside the cells
• Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels •
Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? answer >>>> Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia answer >>>> buildup of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? answer >>>> A membrane made from
protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur?
answer >>>> Diffusion will continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the
concentration of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the
electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? answer >>>> Blood and dialysate flow in opposite
directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? answer >>>> Clotted fibers
cause the permeability of the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a
, FRESENIUS PCT
decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result, diffusion does not occur as particles
cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? answer
>>>> The blood compartment is separated from the dialysate compartment by a
semi-permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? answer >>>> • Hypotonic-containing less
particles • Isotonic-containing equal particles • Hypertonic-containing more
particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? answer
>>>> Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the
first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain,
rushing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterility used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? answer >>>> 50 ml of saline
should be drained from the arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the
venous line
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during
hemodialysis? answer >>>> Place the dialyzer arterial end up during the
treatment.
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? answer >>>> The
dialyzer should be checked for sterility (the dialyzer should either be intact in the
original packaging or if out of the package should have all open ports capped), any
structural damage and be the size and brand that was ordered by the doctor.
