CNA Final Exam Ch1-24 Questions and Answers

CNA Final Exam Ch1-24 Questions and Answers Ways to prevent pressure ulcers/injuries -Provide regular skin care, keeping it clean and dry; check the skin daily -Reposition immobile residents one every 2 hours -place foam rubber or sheepskin pads under bony prominences, use heel and elbow protectors -use bed cradles to protect feet -reposition residents in W/Cs every 15 min -keep the bottom sheet tight and wrinkle free -Give frequent care for incontinent residents, change clothing and linens often, check them every 2 hours. -check if shoes give them blisters -massage the skin often to increase circulation -encourage them to to eat properly -keep plastic/rubber materials away from the resident's skin How to communicate with visually impaired -Knock on door and identify yourself when entering -Explain why you are there, tell them when you are leaving -Make sure there is proper lighting in the room -Face the resident when speaking -Always tell them what you are doing -"on your right" or "in front of you" -use imaginary clock "at 2 o'clock" -don't move personal items -tell where call light is -door = completely open or completely closed -when guiding, walk slightly ahead -use large print books or Braille Prosthesis a device the replaces a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, or birth defect; used to improve a person's ability to function and/or his appearance Disposable PPE can be worn ______ only once Best way to remove a disposable gown Start at the top and roll inward Range of motion (ROM) exercises that put a particular joint through its full arc of motion Proper placement of a gait belt Around waist, over clothing, buckle in front, secured tightly When ambulating after a stroke, stand on the Weaker (affected or involved) side Advanced directive -legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves. -ex: DNR, living will, and durable power of attorney Most accurate site for body temp Rectal Who can receive hospice care People that are dying Tasks for NAs -Toileting needs -Assisting with ambulation -Keeping living areas neat and clean -Encouraging residents to eat and drink -Caring for supplies and equipment -Helping residents dress -Making beds -Giving back rubs -Helping with mouth care If the resident tries to give a gift to the NA.. The NA should say thank you but not take the item How many seconds of friction needed for hand washing? 20 sec Examples of sexual contact that can cause STI's Sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal), contact with the mouth of the genitals or anus, and contact of the hands with the genital area Best time to document care immediately after care is given First signs of pressure ulcers -Pale, white, reddened, or purple areas -Blisters or bruises -Complaints of tingling, warmth, or during of the skin -Dry or flaking skin -Itching -Rash or skin discoloration -swelling -fluid draining from the skin -broken skin Proper Body Mechanics include -keep back straight, knees bent, evenly distribute weight -keep feet at shoulder width apart -bend at the hip not the waist -keep objects close to you while lifting -squat to lift heavy objects -keep the bed elevated to waist high while working Initial signs and symptoms of HIV Infection Flu-like symptoms, appetite loss, weight loss, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, severe diarrhea, dry cough, skin rashes, painful white spots in the mouth, cold sores or fever blisters, cauliflower-like warts on the skin and in the mouth, inflamed and bleeding gums, bruising that does not go away, low resistance to infection, Kaposi's sarcoma (rare form of skin cancer that appears as skin lesions), pneumocystis pneumonia, and AIDS dementia complex What are Standard Precautions? When are they practiced? -A method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease -used with every resident When do you practice hand hygiene? -when first arriving at work -when hands are visibly soiled -before, between, and after all contact with residents -before putting on gloves and after taking them off -after contact with bodily fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or wound dressings -after handling contaminated items -after contact with any object in the resident's room -before and after touching meal trays and/or handling food -before and after feeding residents -before getting clean linen -before and after using the toilet -after touching trash -after picking up anything from the floor -after nose-blowing, coughing, or sneezing -before and after eating -after smoking -after touching areas on the body (face, eyes, hair) -before and after applying makeup -after any contact with pets or pet care items -before leaving the facility A resident should sit in what angle when eating? 45-90 degrees, as upright as possible An NA must always wear gloves when -anytime the caregiver might come into contact with blood or any body fluid, open wounds, or mucous membranes -when performing mouth care -when performing perineal care -when performing personal care on non-intact skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or bills -when the caregiver has open cuts/sores on their hands -when shaving a resident -when disposing of used linen -when touching contaminated or possibly contaminated equipment In what direction do you work when providing perineal care? Front to back When getting out of bed and moving to a wheelchair after a stroke, the NA must move the ____ side first while transferring stronger Abbreviation for nothing by mouth NPO How many feet on a quad cane? 4 What bedpan is used for elimination for residents who cannot assist with raising their hips? Fracture pan The medical term for high blood pressure hypertension Proper order to don PPE 1. Wash hands 2. Gown 3. Mask 4. Goggles/face shield 5. Gloves The best thing to do if a resident starts to fall during ambulation -Widen your stance -Bring the resident's body close to you to break the fall -Bend your knees and support the resident as you lower the resident to the floor Do not try to reverse or stop a fall When providing foot care for diabetic residents, the NA should Do not put lotion between toes, use elastic stockings Empathy identifying with the feelings of others The most commonly monitored pulse rate Radial pulse Examples of Physical Abuse slapping, bruising, cutting, burning, physically restraining, pushing, shoving, or rough handling _____ is the most essential nutrient for life water Who may a NA share a resident's medical info with? No one Fact (define and give example) -something that can be proven -Ex: the sky is blue How to show that you are listening -lean forward in the chair when the resident is speaking -be empathetic -allow them to express ideas completely -provide feedback -don't interrupt -don't finish their sentences -restate the message in your own words to make sure you understand Examples of physical needs -food and water -protection and shelter -activity -sleep and rest -comfort and freedom from pain Cliches (define and give example) -phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything -ex: "It was God's will" and "it could be worse" and "everything is going to be okay" The last sense to leave the body of a dying person? Hearing What is the lateral position? Is it limited to just one side? -Resident is lying on his or her either side -Upper knee is flexed -Leg brought to front of body -Pillow under the bottom foot -Pillows should be used under arms, legs, back, and head to avoid pressure and skin breakdown Microorganisms grow best in _____ environment warm and moist locations that temperature is taken from Mouth (oral), Rectum (rectal), armpit (axilla), ear (tympanic), and temporal artery (under the skin of the forehead) When should a sputum specimen be collected to obtain the best specimen? early morning When performing ROM, work in what direction? Head to toe A permanent, painful stiffening of a joint and muscle is called _____ contracture When should an ostomy bag be emptied? After it is used / filled after a BM If a resident with Alzheimer's perseverates, how should the NA verbally respond? Answer the questions, using the same words each time, until they stop What direction should the handle of the fracture pan point? toward the foot of the bed What unit of measurement should a NA use to document the amount of fluids a resident has consumed? mL How to communicate with the hearing impaired resident -get attention before speaking -speak clearly, slowly, and in good lighting -directly face the resident -do not shout -use short sentences and simple words -use pictures/notecards -keep the pitch of your voice low -repeat what you think you heard Joking about a resident's incontinence with the resident's family member(s) is what type of abuse? psychological Who is an appropriate resource for the NA to turn to if she is experiencing stress? supervisor Ways to help the visually impaired -always knock when entering room -leave door completely open or completely closed -put large print or pictures outside of doors What part of a standard bedpan should be in alignment with the resident's buttocks? the wider end What does a sphygmomanometer measure? Blood pressure Transfer belt a belt made of canvas or other heavy material that is used to help people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated to stand, sit, or walk; also called a gait belt Hand hygiene washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol based hand rubs Procedure a method, or way, of doing something the Nurse Aid Competency Evaluation Program investigates ______ ____ _____ against NAs charges of abuse Recommended number of ounces of water or other fluid that residents should be encouraged to drink daily? 64 oz What color is cyanotic skin? bluish or purple (means lack of oxygen in tissues) Correct military time for 12:00am? 2400 if 30 mL = 1 oz, how many mLs in 3 oz? 90 mL OBRA requires that the NA complete a minimum of at least ____ hours of training prior to working as an NA 100 hrs in the state of TX most effective way to prevent dehydration encourage the resident to drink something every time you see them examples of physical restraints vests, jackets, belts, wrist/ankle restraints, mitt restraints, raised side rails on beds, geriatric chairs with tray tables attached ADLs Activities of Daily Living Purpose of rehabilitative care to help restore a person to his highest possible level of functioning, to help recover from an illness, to promote independence, to allow a resident to feel in control of his or her life, or to help a resident adapt to the limitations of their disability Angina Pectoris chest pain, pressure, or discomfort Examples of NA's Ethical behavior -be honest -protect privacy and confidentiality -report suspected abuse -follow the care plan, report your mistakes -do not do anything outside of your scope of practice -report all incidents to the nurse -document accurately -follow safety and infection rules -do not accept gifts or tips -do not get personally involved with residents or their family members Examples of Barriers to Communication -hearing impairments -resident is difficult to understand -slang or profanity -cliches -responding with "why?" -giving advice -asking only yes/no questions -resident speaks a different language -NA or resident uses nonverbal communication Examples of Nonverbal Communication pointing, body language, faces, gestures Guidelines for Telephone Communication -identify yourself -state why you are calling -ask if they're available -leave a brief message -leave your phone number -thank the person who takes the message -ask if you can put them on hold -thank them for calling Guidelines for Bladder Retraining -follow standard precautions -explain the bladder training schedule -keep a record of bladder habits -offer a bedpan or trip to the bathroom before beginning long procedures -encourage the resident to drink plenty of fluids -answer call lights promptly -provide privacy -run water in the sink to help, have them put pressure on the bladder by leaning forward -do not rush them -provide careful perineal care -discard wastes, clothing protectors, and incontinence brings -keep accurate record of urination -be positive and patient, never show frustration What is an incident that requires a report to be written? an accident, problem, or unexpected event during the course of care. something that is not a part of the normal routine. a mistake made during care To help clear the lungs of mucus the NA should have the resident do _____ _____ ____ deep breathing exercises