TEST BANK
Psychology 2e (2026)
ROSE M. SPIELMAN, WILLIAM J. JENKINS, MARILYN D. LOVETT
Second Edition
, Table of contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to
Psychology Chapter 2:
Psychological Research Chapter 3:
Biopsychology
Chapter 4: States of
Consciousness Chapter 5:
Sensation and Perception Chapter
6: Learning
Chapter 7: Thinking and
Intelligence Chapter 8: Memory
Chapter 9: Lifespan Development
Chapter 10: Emotion and
Motivation Chapter 11: Personality
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
Chapter 13: Industrial-Organizational
Psychology Chapter 14: Stress, Lifestyle, and
Health
Chapter 15: Psychological
Disorders Chapter 16: Therapy and
Treatment
1|Page
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
1. Which of the following best defines psychology according to the OpenStax
text?
A. The study of the soul and spiritual consciousness
B. The scientific study of the mind and behavior
C. The clinical treatment of abnormal mental processes
D. The biological analysis of brain chemistry and structures
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of
the mind and behavior. While its roots are in philosophy (A) and it
includes clinical applications
(C) and biological foundations (D), the contemporary definition
emphasizes the scientific method applied to both mental processes
and observable actions.
2. Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology and
used a method called "introspection" to identify the components of
consciousness. This perspective is known as:
A. Functionalism
B. Behaviorism
C. Structuralism
D. Psychoanalytic Theory
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Structuralism was the attempt to understand the
structure or characteristics of the mind by breaking down conscious
experience into its component parts. Functionalism (A) focused on
the purpose of behavior, while Behaviorism (B) rejected the study of
consciousness entirely.
3. William James's functionalism was heavily influenced by which scientific
theory?
A. Newton’s Laws of Motion
B. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
C. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
D. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
2|Page
, Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Functionalism focused on how mental activities helped
an organism fit into its environment. This approach was directly
influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, specifically the
idea that traits (including mental ones) are functional and adaptive.
4. A researcher is interested in how the "whole" of a person's experience is
different from the sum of its individual parts. This researcher most likely
follows which school of thought?
A. Gestalt Psychology
B. Structuralism
C. Behaviorism
D. Biopsychology
Correct Answer:
A
Explanation: Gestalt psychology operates on the principle that although a
sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts
relate to each other as a whole is what the individual responds to in perception.
5. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated
with the development of the "hierarchy of needs" and the
humanistic perspective?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Noam Chomsky
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Abraham Maslow is a key figure in humanism, famous for
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior.
Skinner (A) was a behaviorist, Freud (B) founded psychoanalysis,
and Chomsky (D) was a leader in the cognitive revolution.
6. A psychologist who works in the legal system, providing expert
testimony on eye-witness accuracy and jury selection, is
specializing in which subfield?
A. Counseling Psychology
3|Page
Psychology 2e (2026)
ROSE M. SPIELMAN, WILLIAM J. JENKINS, MARILYN D. LOVETT
Second Edition
, Table of contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to
Psychology Chapter 2:
Psychological Research Chapter 3:
Biopsychology
Chapter 4: States of
Consciousness Chapter 5:
Sensation and Perception Chapter
6: Learning
Chapter 7: Thinking and
Intelligence Chapter 8: Memory
Chapter 9: Lifespan Development
Chapter 10: Emotion and
Motivation Chapter 11: Personality
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
Chapter 13: Industrial-Organizational
Psychology Chapter 14: Stress, Lifestyle, and
Health
Chapter 15: Psychological
Disorders Chapter 16: Therapy and
Treatment
1|Page
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
1. Which of the following best defines psychology according to the OpenStax
text?
A. The study of the soul and spiritual consciousness
B. The scientific study of the mind and behavior
C. The clinical treatment of abnormal mental processes
D. The biological analysis of brain chemistry and structures
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of
the mind and behavior. While its roots are in philosophy (A) and it
includes clinical applications
(C) and biological foundations (D), the contemporary definition
emphasizes the scientific method applied to both mental processes
and observable actions.
2. Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology and
used a method called "introspection" to identify the components of
consciousness. This perspective is known as:
A. Functionalism
B. Behaviorism
C. Structuralism
D. Psychoanalytic Theory
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Structuralism was the attempt to understand the
structure or characteristics of the mind by breaking down conscious
experience into its component parts. Functionalism (A) focused on
the purpose of behavior, while Behaviorism (B) rejected the study of
consciousness entirely.
3. William James's functionalism was heavily influenced by which scientific
theory?
A. Newton’s Laws of Motion
B. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
C. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
D. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
2|Page
, Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Functionalism focused on how mental activities helped
an organism fit into its environment. This approach was directly
influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, specifically the
idea that traits (including mental ones) are functional and adaptive.
4. A researcher is interested in how the "whole" of a person's experience is
different from the sum of its individual parts. This researcher most likely
follows which school of thought?
A. Gestalt Psychology
B. Structuralism
C. Behaviorism
D. Biopsychology
Correct Answer:
A
Explanation: Gestalt psychology operates on the principle that although a
sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts
relate to each other as a whole is what the individual responds to in perception.
5. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated
with the development of the "hierarchy of needs" and the
humanistic perspective?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Noam Chomsky
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Abraham Maslow is a key figure in humanism, famous for
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior.
Skinner (A) was a behaviorist, Freud (B) founded psychoanalysis,
and Chomsky (D) was a leader in the cognitive revolution.
6. A psychologist who works in the legal system, providing expert
testimony on eye-witness accuracy and jury selection, is
specializing in which subfield?
A. Counseling Psychology
3|Page
