1|Page
PN 4003 Midterm | Variations In Health
Midterm Exam | Certified Questions &
Answers 2026
fluid imbalances: hypervolemia - correct-answer -Excess fluid in extracellular as a
result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure
occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance
leads to CHF & pulmonary edema
fluid imbalances: water intoxication - correct-answer -hypotonic extracellular fluid
shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance
cells swell
normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range - correct-answer -45-35
normal bicarbonate (HcO3) range - correct-answer -22-26
sodium range - correct-answer -135-145 mEq/L
, 2|Page
potassium range - correct-answer -3.5-5 mEq/L
Magnesium range - correct-answer -1.5-2.5 mEq/L
calcium range - correct-answer -8.9-10.1 mg/dL
Phosphorus range - correct-answer -2.5-4.5 mg/dL
chloride range - correct-answer -98-106 mEq/L
Hypoventilation, depression of brains respect system, lung disease, & airway
obstruction can cause - correct-answer -respiratory acidosis
Hyperventilation caused by pain, salicylate poisoning, use of nicotine, &
overstimulation of the respiratory centre can cause - correct-answer -respiratory
alkalosis
PN 4003 Midterm | Variations In Health
Midterm Exam | Certified Questions &
Answers 2026
fluid imbalances: hypervolemia - correct-answer -Excess fluid in extracellular as a
result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure
occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance
leads to CHF & pulmonary edema
fluid imbalances: water intoxication - correct-answer -hypotonic extracellular fluid
shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance
cells swell
normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range - correct-answer -45-35
normal bicarbonate (HcO3) range - correct-answer -22-26
sodium range - correct-answer -135-145 mEq/L
, 2|Page
potassium range - correct-answer -3.5-5 mEq/L
Magnesium range - correct-answer -1.5-2.5 mEq/L
calcium range - correct-answer -8.9-10.1 mg/dL
Phosphorus range - correct-answer -2.5-4.5 mg/dL
chloride range - correct-answer -98-106 mEq/L
Hypoventilation, depression of brains respect system, lung disease, & airway
obstruction can cause - correct-answer -respiratory acidosis
Hyperventilation caused by pain, salicylate poisoning, use of nicotine, &
overstimulation of the respiratory centre can cause - correct-answer -respiratory
alkalosis
