NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY HIGHLY RATED |
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - CORRECT ANSWER - can use
urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post
exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory
process.
Histamine - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and
swelling.
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER - Soluble factors that contribute to the
regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells.
Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
Leukotrines - CORRECT ANSWER - Released when mast cells degranulate,
prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
,Prostaglandins - CORRECT ANSWER - Released when mast cells
degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation,
platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Biochemical substance that
attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER - Predominant leukocyte at work during
the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Become macrophages when entering the
tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes fever, activates
phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulates production of
acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes fever, increases
synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - CORRECT ANSWER - Promotes
production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - CORRECT ANSWER - Functions include bacterial lysis,
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell
degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
,Kinin - CORRECT ANSWER - Converted to bradykinin which is responsible
for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and
vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - CORRECT ANSWER - Factor XII activates kinin.
Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - CORRECT ANSWER - Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - CORRECT ANSWER - Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction
development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - CORRECT ANSWER - Protect
gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac
events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Synthesis of
prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - CORRECT ANSWER - Inhibit COX1 and COX2,
risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - CORRECT ANSWER - Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits
Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER - Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing
formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
, Thromboxane - CORRECT ANSWER - Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - CORRECT ANSWER - Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most
effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - E. Immediate response to
allergen, food, meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex at
2nd exposure. Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity,
asthma, hay fever, eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - E. Antibodies directed
against fixed antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
Alloimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -
When an individuals immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of
other members of the same species
Blood transfusions- causes clumping and lysis of RBC- fever, nausea, chills,
low back pain, dark urine, hives, itching, SOB
Rh incompatibility- hemolytic disease of newborn with jaundice, give Rhogam
within 72 hours of birth (Rh- mother with Rh+ child)
Autoimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - A
breakdown of tolerance in which the bodies immune system begins to recognize
self-antigens as foreign.
Graves Disease- autoantibodies form against thyroid cells- bind to thyroid cells
and mimic action of TSH, increases secretion of thyroxine
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY HIGHLY RATED |
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - CORRECT ANSWER - can use
urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post
exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory
process.
Histamine - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and
swelling.
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER - Soluble factors that contribute to the
regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells.
Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
Leukotrines - CORRECT ANSWER - Released when mast cells degranulate,
prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
,Prostaglandins - CORRECT ANSWER - Released when mast cells
degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation,
platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Biochemical substance that
attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER - Predominant leukocyte at work during
the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Become macrophages when entering the
tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes fever, activates
phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulates production of
acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes fever, increases
synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - CORRECT ANSWER - Promotes
production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - CORRECT ANSWER - Functions include bacterial lysis,
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell
degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
,Kinin - CORRECT ANSWER - Converted to bradykinin which is responsible
for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and
vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - CORRECT ANSWER - Factor XII activates kinin.
Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - CORRECT ANSWER - Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - CORRECT ANSWER - Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction
development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - CORRECT ANSWER - Protect
gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac
events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Synthesis of
prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - CORRECT ANSWER - Inhibit COX1 and COX2,
risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - CORRECT ANSWER - Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits
Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER - Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing
formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
, Thromboxane - CORRECT ANSWER - Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - CORRECT ANSWER - Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most
effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - E. Immediate response to
allergen, food, meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex at
2nd exposure. Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity,
asthma, hay fever, eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - E. Antibodies directed
against fixed antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
Alloimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -
When an individuals immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of
other members of the same species
Blood transfusions- causes clumping and lysis of RBC- fever, nausea, chills,
low back pain, dark urine, hives, itching, SOB
Rh incompatibility- hemolytic disease of newborn with jaundice, give Rhogam
within 72 hours of birth (Rh- mother with Rh+ child)
Autoimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - A
breakdown of tolerance in which the bodies immune system begins to recognize
self-antigens as foreign.
Graves Disease- autoantibodies form against thyroid cells- bind to thyroid cells
and mimic action of TSH, increases secretion of thyroxine
