NURS 314 STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔Auscultory areas - ✔✔Check at APEToMan:
-Aortic Area
-Pulmonic Area
-Erb's Point
-Tricuspid Area
-Mitral Area
Mnemonic: All Physicians Eagerly Take Money
✔✔Heart sounds and their location - ✔✔S2 heart sounds are always loudest at the
base of the heart (2nd intercostal space)
S1 heart sounds are loudest at the apex of the heart (5th intercostal space)
S1 correlates with the pulse beat, you can listen on the carotid arteries
✔✔Abnormal Heart sounds - ✔✔Extra heart sounds
Third heart sound (S3)—a ventricular filling sound occurring in early diastole with rapid
filling
Fourth heart sound (S4)—ventricular filling sound occurring with atrial contraction late in
systole
Any sound other than Lub-dub or Lub-da dub is an abnormal heart sound and needs to
be reported. You will have to know where the sound occurs in the cardiac cycle but not
know the cause and significance of the sound
✔✔Difference between peripheral vascular and lymphatic vessels and their location -
✔✔Arterial system delivers O2 and nutrients
- Arteries are elastic
- high pressure
Venous systems removes O2 and waste
- legs have 3 types of veins (deep, superficial, perforators)
- Intraluminal valves ensure unidirectional flow
- low pressure
The lymphatics form completely separate vessel system, which retrieves excess fluid
from tissue spaces and returns it to the bloodstream
✔✔Lymphatic system and its organs and their location - ✔✔Lymphatics (cont.)
Lymph nodes are small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at intervals along
vessels
Most nodes are arranged in groups, both deep and superficial, in body
, Nodes filter fluid before it is returned to bloodstream and filter out microorganisms that
could be harmful to body
Pathogens are exposed to lymphocytes in lymph nodes
Lymphocytes mount an antigen-specific response to eliminate pathogens; with local
inflammation, nodes in that area become swollen and tender
✔✔Subjective data - ✔✔Leg pain or cramps
Skin changes on arms or legs
Swelling
Lymph node enlargement
Medications
✔✔Objective data and the assessment techniques used, variations in pulse, normal and
abnormal findings - ✔✔During a complete physical examination, examine arms at very
beginning when you are checking vital signs and person is sitting
Examine legs directly after abdominal examination while person is still supine; then
stand person up to evaluate leg veins
Examination of arms and legs includes peripheral vascular characteristics
Room temperature should be about 22° C (72° F) and free of drafts to prevent
vasodilatation or vasoconstriction
Compare your findings with opposite extremity
Lift both person's hands in your hands
Inspect, then turn person's hands over, noting color of skin and nailbeds; temperature,
texture, and turgor of skin; and the presence of any lesions, edema, or clubbing
Use profile sign (viewing finger from side) to detect early clubbing
Normal nail bed angle is 160 degrees
✔✔Identify the organs within the abdominal cavity - ✔✔Liver
Spleen
Gallbladder
Pancreas (deep)
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Cecum
- Appendix
Bladder
Kidneys (deep)
Sex Organs
SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔Auscultory areas - ✔✔Check at APEToMan:
-Aortic Area
-Pulmonic Area
-Erb's Point
-Tricuspid Area
-Mitral Area
Mnemonic: All Physicians Eagerly Take Money
✔✔Heart sounds and their location - ✔✔S2 heart sounds are always loudest at the
base of the heart (2nd intercostal space)
S1 heart sounds are loudest at the apex of the heart (5th intercostal space)
S1 correlates with the pulse beat, you can listen on the carotid arteries
✔✔Abnormal Heart sounds - ✔✔Extra heart sounds
Third heart sound (S3)—a ventricular filling sound occurring in early diastole with rapid
filling
Fourth heart sound (S4)—ventricular filling sound occurring with atrial contraction late in
systole
Any sound other than Lub-dub or Lub-da dub is an abnormal heart sound and needs to
be reported. You will have to know where the sound occurs in the cardiac cycle but not
know the cause and significance of the sound
✔✔Difference between peripheral vascular and lymphatic vessels and their location -
✔✔Arterial system delivers O2 and nutrients
- Arteries are elastic
- high pressure
Venous systems removes O2 and waste
- legs have 3 types of veins (deep, superficial, perforators)
- Intraluminal valves ensure unidirectional flow
- low pressure
The lymphatics form completely separate vessel system, which retrieves excess fluid
from tissue spaces and returns it to the bloodstream
✔✔Lymphatic system and its organs and their location - ✔✔Lymphatics (cont.)
Lymph nodes are small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at intervals along
vessels
Most nodes are arranged in groups, both deep and superficial, in body
, Nodes filter fluid before it is returned to bloodstream and filter out microorganisms that
could be harmful to body
Pathogens are exposed to lymphocytes in lymph nodes
Lymphocytes mount an antigen-specific response to eliminate pathogens; with local
inflammation, nodes in that area become swollen and tender
✔✔Subjective data - ✔✔Leg pain or cramps
Skin changes on arms or legs
Swelling
Lymph node enlargement
Medications
✔✔Objective data and the assessment techniques used, variations in pulse, normal and
abnormal findings - ✔✔During a complete physical examination, examine arms at very
beginning when you are checking vital signs and person is sitting
Examine legs directly after abdominal examination while person is still supine; then
stand person up to evaluate leg veins
Examination of arms and legs includes peripheral vascular characteristics
Room temperature should be about 22° C (72° F) and free of drafts to prevent
vasodilatation or vasoconstriction
Compare your findings with opposite extremity
Lift both person's hands in your hands
Inspect, then turn person's hands over, noting color of skin and nailbeds; temperature,
texture, and turgor of skin; and the presence of any lesions, edema, or clubbing
Use profile sign (viewing finger from side) to detect early clubbing
Normal nail bed angle is 160 degrees
✔✔Identify the organs within the abdominal cavity - ✔✔Liver
Spleen
Gallbladder
Pancreas (deep)
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Cecum
- Appendix
Bladder
Kidneys (deep)
Sex Organs
