Test Bank for Gray's Anatomy for
Students| 5th Edition |2026|Richard L.
Drake, A. Wayne Vogl and Adam W.M.
Mitchell
,Chapter 1. The Body
1. A 45-year-old man presents with sudden onset weakness of the right side of his body after an
ischemic stroke. Imaging shows damage to the left primary motor cortex. Which anatomical
principle best explains the patient’s neurological deficit?
A. Ipsilateral motor control
B. Contralateral motor control
C. Segmental innervation
D. Autonomic dominance
ANS: B
Rationale: The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement of the contralateral side of the body.
Damage to the left hemisphere results in right-sided weakness due to decussation of corticospinal fibers
in the medulla.
2. A 32-year-old woman undergoes abdominal surgery. Postoperatively, she develops loss of
sensation over the umbilical region. Injury to which spinal nerve root most likely caused this
finding?
A. T6
B. T8
C. T10
D. T12
ANS: C
Rationale: The dermatome at the level of the umbilicus corresponds to the T10 spinal nerve. Damage to
this nerve root leads to sensory loss in this region.
3. A trauma patient presents with hypotension and tachycardia after massive blood loss. Which
physiological concept best explains the immediate redistribution of blood flow to vital organs?
A. Diffusion gradient
B. Negative feedback
C. Homeostasis
D. Positive feedback
ANS: C
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains internal stability by adjusting physiological processes. During shock,
vasoconstriction redirects blood to the brain and heart to preserve vital function.
, 4. A 60-year-old man has progressive difficulty initiating movement. Examination reveals
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This condition primarily disrupts
which functional system?
A. Sensory pathway
B. Motor control system
C. Autonomic regulation
D. Limbic system
ANS: B
Rationale: Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra regulate voluntary movement through basal
ganglia circuits. Their degeneration leads to impaired motor control as seen in Parkinson disease.
5. A medical student is studying anatomical planes. A CT scan divides the body into anterior and
posterior sections. Which plane was used?
A. Sagittal
B. Coronal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
ANS: B
Rationale: The coronal (frontal) plane separates the body into anterior and posterior portions. Sagittal
divides left and right, while transverse divides superior and inferior.
6. A patient with renal failure develops fluid overload. Which body fluid compartment contains the
largest percentage of total body water?
A. Plasma
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Intracellular fluid
D. Transcellular fluid
ANS: C
Rationale: Intracellular fluid contains approximately two-thirds of total body water. It is the largest fluid
compartment in the human body.
7. A 28-year-old athlete fractures his femur. Which tissue type provides structural support and
protection to this bone?
, A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
Rationale: Bone is a specialized connective tissue that provides structural support, protection, and
mineral storage.
8. A patient presents with impaired thermoregulation after hypothalamic injury. Which
homeostatic function is primarily affected?
A. Blood glucose regulation
B. Body temperature control
C. Respiratory rhythm
D. Blood pressure regulation
ANS: B
Rationale: The hypothalamus serves as the primary thermoregulatory center. Damage disrupts
temperature regulation.
9. A surgeon must locate the liver during an emergency laparotomy. In which abdominal quadrant
is the liver primarily found?
A. Left upper quadrant
B. Right upper quadrant
C. Left lower quadrant
D. Right lower quadrant
ANS: B
Rationale: The liver is primarily located in the right upper quadrant, extending partially into the
epigastric region.
10. A patient suffers damage to the phrenic nerve. Which function is most likely impaired?
A. Swallowing
B. Diaphragmatic contraction
C. Cardiac conduction
D. Gastric emptying
ANS: B
Students| 5th Edition |2026|Richard L.
Drake, A. Wayne Vogl and Adam W.M.
Mitchell
,Chapter 1. The Body
1. A 45-year-old man presents with sudden onset weakness of the right side of his body after an
ischemic stroke. Imaging shows damage to the left primary motor cortex. Which anatomical
principle best explains the patient’s neurological deficit?
A. Ipsilateral motor control
B. Contralateral motor control
C. Segmental innervation
D. Autonomic dominance
ANS: B
Rationale: The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement of the contralateral side of the body.
Damage to the left hemisphere results in right-sided weakness due to decussation of corticospinal fibers
in the medulla.
2. A 32-year-old woman undergoes abdominal surgery. Postoperatively, she develops loss of
sensation over the umbilical region. Injury to which spinal nerve root most likely caused this
finding?
A. T6
B. T8
C. T10
D. T12
ANS: C
Rationale: The dermatome at the level of the umbilicus corresponds to the T10 spinal nerve. Damage to
this nerve root leads to sensory loss in this region.
3. A trauma patient presents with hypotension and tachycardia after massive blood loss. Which
physiological concept best explains the immediate redistribution of blood flow to vital organs?
A. Diffusion gradient
B. Negative feedback
C. Homeostasis
D. Positive feedback
ANS: C
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains internal stability by adjusting physiological processes. During shock,
vasoconstriction redirects blood to the brain and heart to preserve vital function.
, 4. A 60-year-old man has progressive difficulty initiating movement. Examination reveals
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This condition primarily disrupts
which functional system?
A. Sensory pathway
B. Motor control system
C. Autonomic regulation
D. Limbic system
ANS: B
Rationale: Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra regulate voluntary movement through basal
ganglia circuits. Their degeneration leads to impaired motor control as seen in Parkinson disease.
5. A medical student is studying anatomical planes. A CT scan divides the body into anterior and
posterior sections. Which plane was used?
A. Sagittal
B. Coronal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
ANS: B
Rationale: The coronal (frontal) plane separates the body into anterior and posterior portions. Sagittal
divides left and right, while transverse divides superior and inferior.
6. A patient with renal failure develops fluid overload. Which body fluid compartment contains the
largest percentage of total body water?
A. Plasma
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Intracellular fluid
D. Transcellular fluid
ANS: C
Rationale: Intracellular fluid contains approximately two-thirds of total body water. It is the largest fluid
compartment in the human body.
7. A 28-year-old athlete fractures his femur. Which tissue type provides structural support and
protection to this bone?
, A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
ANS: B
Rationale: Bone is a specialized connective tissue that provides structural support, protection, and
mineral storage.
8. A patient presents with impaired thermoregulation after hypothalamic injury. Which
homeostatic function is primarily affected?
A. Blood glucose regulation
B. Body temperature control
C. Respiratory rhythm
D. Blood pressure regulation
ANS: B
Rationale: The hypothalamus serves as the primary thermoregulatory center. Damage disrupts
temperature regulation.
9. A surgeon must locate the liver during an emergency laparotomy. In which abdominal quadrant
is the liver primarily found?
A. Left upper quadrant
B. Right upper quadrant
C. Left lower quadrant
D. Right lower quadrant
ANS: B
Rationale: The liver is primarily located in the right upper quadrant, extending partially into the
epigastric region.
10. A patient suffers damage to the phrenic nerve. Which function is most likely impaired?
A. Swallowing
B. Diaphragmatic contraction
C. Cardiac conduction
D. Gastric emptying
ANS: B
