GALEN A&P NU-110 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
The Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER-Includes the brain and the spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER-includes the nerves that connect the Central
Nervous system with the rest of the body
2 parts of nervous tissue - ANSWER-Glia Cells, and neurons.
Glia cell - ANSWER-are support cells of the brain
Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes - ANSWER-makes the blood brain barrier. Connects to blood vessels and acts as the
gate keeper. Does allot with metabolism, mostly of medication
Microglia - ANSWER-immune cells of the brain. Migrate to the area of injury, it covers it and
cleans it up. It does not have allot of T or B cells.
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-secretes allot of myelin. It is important for the neuron. Actually
wraps around portions of the neuron.
Myelin - ANSWER-increases the speed of the neuron. It is the white matter of the brain and the
spinal cord.
Neurons and Glia can grow back - ANSWER-but they grow back very slowly.
Neuron information only travels - ANSWER-in one direction. That way there is no traffic jams
or mixed signals.
Dendrites - ANSWER-where the information comes in to the neuron
Cell Body - ANSWER-houses the nucleus and other cell structures. Receives signal from the
dendrites.
Axon - ANSWER-gets information from the cell body
Axon Terminals - ANSWER-Get information from the axon. Is where we release all of the
neuron transmitters.
Myelin - ANSWER-Not all neurons have ______ but those that do move information quickly
Afferent Neurons - ANSWER-are sensory neurons. Carries information to the Central nervous
system.
Interneurons - ANSWER-makes connections within the central nervous system.
, Efferent Neurons. - ANSWER-Motor neurons. Carry information away from the Central nervous
system and towards the periphery.
Neurons and Glia are all - ANSWER-intermingled together
Action Potential or Nerve impulse - ANSWER-is the electrical signal. Can only happen in the
neuron
Neuron can only be in one of 3 states - ANSWER-Polarization, Depolarization, Repolarization
Polarization State. - ANSWER-is the resting State. The inside is more negative. Potassium is
being moved out. And the inside of the cell becomes more negative.
Depolarization - ANSWER-Is a stimulated neuron. The inside of the cell becomes more positive.
There is allot of Sodium to come into the cell.
Repolarization - ANSWER-returns to resting. Charge goes back to negative inside. Puts all of the
ions back to where they are supposed to be. So potassium moves out. Back to negative charge on
the inside.
Refectory Period. - ANSWER-Cell is not able to respond to another action potential until
repolarization is complete and everything is back to where it is supposed to be.
Make myelin (2 cells) - ANSWER-are schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.
Schwann cell is located in the - ANSWER-peripheral nervous system. Makes myelin
In a myelinated nerve - ANSWER-the nerve impulse jumps from node to node.
Saltatory Conduction - ANSWER-it is the jumping of the nerve impulse in the myelinated nerve.
Myelination increases - ANSWER-the speed of the nerve impulse.
Gray matter - ANSWER-does not have any myelination.
Corpus Collosum - ANSWER-is the only bridge from the right and left side of the brain.
Synapse or Synaptic Cleft - ANSWER-is the space between two neurons. Neurons do not
physically touch.
Neurotransmitter - ANSWER-chemical substances contained in the vesicles.
Synapse step 1 - ANSWER-is that the nerve signal has to travel down the signal. When it gets to
the end it goes with the vesicle and moves to the end.
Synapse Step 2 - ANSWER-is exocytosis of the chemical
Synapse Step 3 - ANSWER-is the chemical binds with the receptor in the new nerve. To start to
process over again in a different neuron
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
The Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER-Includes the brain and the spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER-includes the nerves that connect the Central
Nervous system with the rest of the body
2 parts of nervous tissue - ANSWER-Glia Cells, and neurons.
Glia cell - ANSWER-are support cells of the brain
Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes - ANSWER-makes the blood brain barrier. Connects to blood vessels and acts as the
gate keeper. Does allot with metabolism, mostly of medication
Microglia - ANSWER-immune cells of the brain. Migrate to the area of injury, it covers it and
cleans it up. It does not have allot of T or B cells.
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-secretes allot of myelin. It is important for the neuron. Actually
wraps around portions of the neuron.
Myelin - ANSWER-increases the speed of the neuron. It is the white matter of the brain and the
spinal cord.
Neurons and Glia can grow back - ANSWER-but they grow back very slowly.
Neuron information only travels - ANSWER-in one direction. That way there is no traffic jams
or mixed signals.
Dendrites - ANSWER-where the information comes in to the neuron
Cell Body - ANSWER-houses the nucleus and other cell structures. Receives signal from the
dendrites.
Axon - ANSWER-gets information from the cell body
Axon Terminals - ANSWER-Get information from the axon. Is where we release all of the
neuron transmitters.
Myelin - ANSWER-Not all neurons have ______ but those that do move information quickly
Afferent Neurons - ANSWER-are sensory neurons. Carries information to the Central nervous
system.
Interneurons - ANSWER-makes connections within the central nervous system.
, Efferent Neurons. - ANSWER-Motor neurons. Carry information away from the Central nervous
system and towards the periphery.
Neurons and Glia are all - ANSWER-intermingled together
Action Potential or Nerve impulse - ANSWER-is the electrical signal. Can only happen in the
neuron
Neuron can only be in one of 3 states - ANSWER-Polarization, Depolarization, Repolarization
Polarization State. - ANSWER-is the resting State. The inside is more negative. Potassium is
being moved out. And the inside of the cell becomes more negative.
Depolarization - ANSWER-Is a stimulated neuron. The inside of the cell becomes more positive.
There is allot of Sodium to come into the cell.
Repolarization - ANSWER-returns to resting. Charge goes back to negative inside. Puts all of the
ions back to where they are supposed to be. So potassium moves out. Back to negative charge on
the inside.
Refectory Period. - ANSWER-Cell is not able to respond to another action potential until
repolarization is complete and everything is back to where it is supposed to be.
Make myelin (2 cells) - ANSWER-are schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.
Schwann cell is located in the - ANSWER-peripheral nervous system. Makes myelin
In a myelinated nerve - ANSWER-the nerve impulse jumps from node to node.
Saltatory Conduction - ANSWER-it is the jumping of the nerve impulse in the myelinated nerve.
Myelination increases - ANSWER-the speed of the nerve impulse.
Gray matter - ANSWER-does not have any myelination.
Corpus Collosum - ANSWER-is the only bridge from the right and left side of the brain.
Synapse or Synaptic Cleft - ANSWER-is the space between two neurons. Neurons do not
physically touch.
Neurotransmitter - ANSWER-chemical substances contained in the vesicles.
Synapse step 1 - ANSWER-is that the nerve signal has to travel down the signal. When it gets to
the end it goes with the vesicle and moves to the end.
Synapse Step 2 - ANSWER-is exocytosis of the chemical
Synapse Step 3 - ANSWER-is the chemical binds with the receptor in the new nerve. To start to
process over again in a different neuron
