1|Page
Test Bank Complete_ Portage Learning
Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Final Exam &
Module 1-10 Exams All Versions Latest Update/
Verified 2026
Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A) Fluid
Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity 1.001
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7 - ANSWER -1) A
2) B
3) A
The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient with
acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings should
prompt the nurse to hold the medication and consult the healthcare
provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
d) Blood pressure 125/78 - ANSWER -b) Serum potassium 5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
pg. 1
,2|Page
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock following
an extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for this
patient in the emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline - ANSWER -a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in
patients with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is also
isotonic.
The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to the
therapy. Which of the following would indicate a possible complication
of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
c) Forceful cough periodically
d) Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields. -
ANSWER -b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
*This may indicate a pneumothorax--a complication caused by
barotrauma.
pg. 2
,3|Page
The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client
receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently.
What is the nurse's first action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal
tube cuff. - ANSWER -a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy
for the patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired
effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
d) Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95% - ANSWER -c) Serum
sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to administer to a
patient with isotonic dehydration?
a) 0.45% saline
b) Dextrose 5% in water
c) Dextrose 10% in water
d) 0.9% saline - ANSWER -d) 0.9% saline
pg. 3
, 4|Page
A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in
the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a
diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient?
(select all that apply)
a)Angina
b)Hypotension
c)Dysrhythmias
d)Oliguria
e)Tachycardia - ANSWER -a)Angina
c)Dysrhythmias
e)Tachycardia
*Is a beta1 aderenergic agonist; general anesthetics can increase the
likelihood of dysrhythmias. Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO.
Diuretics complement the beneficial effects of dobutamine on the
kidney, so urine output would be increased, not decreased.
A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous normal
saline infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an indicator
that the therapeutic goal has been met?
a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours
b) Arterial blood pressure is 90/42
c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hg
pg. 4
Test Bank Complete_ Portage Learning
Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Final Exam &
Module 1-10 Exams All Versions Latest Update/
Verified 2026
Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A) Fluid
Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity 1.001
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7 - ANSWER -1) A
2) B
3) A
The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient with
acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings should
prompt the nurse to hold the medication and consult the healthcare
provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
d) Blood pressure 125/78 - ANSWER -b) Serum potassium 5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
pg. 1
,2|Page
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock following
an extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for this
patient in the emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline - ANSWER -a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in
patients with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is also
isotonic.
The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to the
therapy. Which of the following would indicate a possible complication
of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
c) Forceful cough periodically
d) Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields. -
ANSWER -b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
*This may indicate a pneumothorax--a complication caused by
barotrauma.
pg. 2
,3|Page
The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client
receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently.
What is the nurse's first action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal
tube cuff. - ANSWER -a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy
for the patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired
effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
d) Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95% - ANSWER -c) Serum
sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to administer to a
patient with isotonic dehydration?
a) 0.45% saline
b) Dextrose 5% in water
c) Dextrose 10% in water
d) 0.9% saline - ANSWER -d) 0.9% saline
pg. 3
, 4|Page
A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in
the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a
diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient?
(select all that apply)
a)Angina
b)Hypotension
c)Dysrhythmias
d)Oliguria
e)Tachycardia - ANSWER -a)Angina
c)Dysrhythmias
e)Tachycardia
*Is a beta1 aderenergic agonist; general anesthetics can increase the
likelihood of dysrhythmias. Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO.
Diuretics complement the beneficial effects of dobutamine on the
kidney, so urine output would be increased, not decreased.
A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous normal
saline infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an indicator
that the therapeutic goal has been met?
a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours
b) Arterial blood pressure is 90/42
c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hg
pg. 4
