BIOTECH TEST WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS APPROVED
#10
What is biotechnology? - correct answer the application of scientific and engineering
principles to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and
services
Molecular biotech - correct answer it is an exciting scientific discipline that is based on
the ability of transferring specific units of genetic information from one organism to
another
Distinguish between traditional biotech and molecular biotech. - correct answer
traditional biotech is the industrial production of goods and services by biological
organisms, systems, or processes. While molecular biology is based on the ability of
transferring specific units of genetic information from one organisms to another.
What are the shortcomings of the "mutation and selection" method for developing
enhanced organisms for commercial purposes? - correct answer plants and animals
have been targeted to act as a natural bioreactors for producing new or altered gene
productions that could never have been created either by mutagensis and selection or
by crossbreeding.
Describe the basic steps of a bioengineered biotechnology process. - correct answer
raw material -> upstream processing -> fermentation and biotransformation ->
downstream processing ->pure product
Why was the work reported by cohen and boyer and their coworkers in 1973 considered
important? - correct answer they established the foundation for recombinant dna
technology by showing how genetic information from different sources could be joined
to create a novel, replicatable genetic structure. In this instance, the new genetic entities
were derived from bacterial autonomously replicating extrachromosomal dna structures
called plasmids.
How did recombinant dna technology enable the production of human insulin? - correct
answer the dna sequence that encodes human insulin was synthesized, a remarkable
feat in itself at the time, and was transplanted into a plasmid that could be maintained in
the common bacterium e coli. The bacterial host cells acted as biological factories for
the production of the two peptide chains of human insulin, which, after being combined,
could be purified and used to treat diabetics who were allergic to the commercially
available porcine (pig) insulin.
What are some of the problems that molecular biotechnology has that potential to
solve? - correct answer the spread of infectious diseases, the burden of waste
accumulation, and food shortages.
, Discuss the statement "molecular biotech is a diverse science" - correct answer it is a
diverse science because it incorporates many different branches of biology including:
molecular bio, genetics, immunology, micro, biochem, etc. And it can also be used for
many different things like crops, drugs, diagnostics, livestock, etc.
Discuss some of the social concerns that have been raised about molecular biotech -
correct answer some of the examples where if genetically engineered organisms would
be harmful to other organisms or the environment, if the genetically engineered
organisms will reduce natural genetic diversity, and should humans be genetically
engineered.
Discuss the basic features of dna replication? - correct answer carried out by a highly
complex assembly of proteins, going from 5' to 3', 5' phosphate of the incoming
molecule attached to the 3' hydroxyl group of the previous added nucleotide.
Compare and contrast dna and rna - correct answer dna: deoxyribonucleic acid, five
carbon sugar (deoxyribose), double stranded helix, diameter is uniform, the twist is right
handed, antiparallel strands, semiconservative replication..rna: ribonucleic acid, it
contains a 5 carbon sugar->ribose, thymine is replaced by urasil, like dna is compose of
subunits called nucleotides, trna mrna and rrna.
Describe the differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic structural
genes. - correct answer eukaryotes have more structural genes.
What is an operon? - correct answer an operon is the arrangement of a bacterial
structural genes that encode proteins required for several steps in a single metabolic
pathway are contiguous i the chromosome.
How is transcription initiation controlled in bacterial cells? - correct answer bacteria like
e. Coli. Censuses promotor sequences are located upstream from the transcription start
site center at -10 and -35 base pairs. Rna polymerase weakly binds dna. It moves along
the dna until it reaches a promotor where its sigma subunit recognizes and binds the -
10 and -35 sequences forming a closed promotor complex. The polymerase then
unwinds the dna around initiation site forming an open promotor complex. Initiation of
transcription begins and the polymerase sigma subunit is release to be used by another
polymerase complex.
What is the biological significance of an operon? - correct answer an operon can on
controlled or turned on or turned off so that the structural genes that are being produced
will be used. The energy isnt be wasted by making structural genes when they are not
needed. And there is usually multiple genes that are encoded in a single operon, a
single mrna can contain three or more genes.
Describe the major dna elements that are responsible for the transcription of eukaryotic
structural genes. - correct answer ...
#10
What is biotechnology? - correct answer the application of scientific and engineering
principles to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and
services
Molecular biotech - correct answer it is an exciting scientific discipline that is based on
the ability of transferring specific units of genetic information from one organism to
another
Distinguish between traditional biotech and molecular biotech. - correct answer
traditional biotech is the industrial production of goods and services by biological
organisms, systems, or processes. While molecular biology is based on the ability of
transferring specific units of genetic information from one organisms to another.
What are the shortcomings of the "mutation and selection" method for developing
enhanced organisms for commercial purposes? - correct answer plants and animals
have been targeted to act as a natural bioreactors for producing new or altered gene
productions that could never have been created either by mutagensis and selection or
by crossbreeding.
Describe the basic steps of a bioengineered biotechnology process. - correct answer
raw material -> upstream processing -> fermentation and biotransformation ->
downstream processing ->pure product
Why was the work reported by cohen and boyer and their coworkers in 1973 considered
important? - correct answer they established the foundation for recombinant dna
technology by showing how genetic information from different sources could be joined
to create a novel, replicatable genetic structure. In this instance, the new genetic entities
were derived from bacterial autonomously replicating extrachromosomal dna structures
called plasmids.
How did recombinant dna technology enable the production of human insulin? - correct
answer the dna sequence that encodes human insulin was synthesized, a remarkable
feat in itself at the time, and was transplanted into a plasmid that could be maintained in
the common bacterium e coli. The bacterial host cells acted as biological factories for
the production of the two peptide chains of human insulin, which, after being combined,
could be purified and used to treat diabetics who were allergic to the commercially
available porcine (pig) insulin.
What are some of the problems that molecular biotechnology has that potential to
solve? - correct answer the spread of infectious diseases, the burden of waste
accumulation, and food shortages.
, Discuss the statement "molecular biotech is a diverse science" - correct answer it is a
diverse science because it incorporates many different branches of biology including:
molecular bio, genetics, immunology, micro, biochem, etc. And it can also be used for
many different things like crops, drugs, diagnostics, livestock, etc.
Discuss some of the social concerns that have been raised about molecular biotech -
correct answer some of the examples where if genetically engineered organisms would
be harmful to other organisms or the environment, if the genetically engineered
organisms will reduce natural genetic diversity, and should humans be genetically
engineered.
Discuss the basic features of dna replication? - correct answer carried out by a highly
complex assembly of proteins, going from 5' to 3', 5' phosphate of the incoming
molecule attached to the 3' hydroxyl group of the previous added nucleotide.
Compare and contrast dna and rna - correct answer dna: deoxyribonucleic acid, five
carbon sugar (deoxyribose), double stranded helix, diameter is uniform, the twist is right
handed, antiparallel strands, semiconservative replication..rna: ribonucleic acid, it
contains a 5 carbon sugar->ribose, thymine is replaced by urasil, like dna is compose of
subunits called nucleotides, trna mrna and rrna.
Describe the differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic structural
genes. - correct answer eukaryotes have more structural genes.
What is an operon? - correct answer an operon is the arrangement of a bacterial
structural genes that encode proteins required for several steps in a single metabolic
pathway are contiguous i the chromosome.
How is transcription initiation controlled in bacterial cells? - correct answer bacteria like
e. Coli. Censuses promotor sequences are located upstream from the transcription start
site center at -10 and -35 base pairs. Rna polymerase weakly binds dna. It moves along
the dna until it reaches a promotor where its sigma subunit recognizes and binds the -
10 and -35 sequences forming a closed promotor complex. The polymerase then
unwinds the dna around initiation site forming an open promotor complex. Initiation of
transcription begins and the polymerase sigma subunit is release to be used by another
polymerase complex.
What is the biological significance of an operon? - correct answer an operon can on
controlled or turned on or turned off so that the structural genes that are being produced
will be used. The energy isnt be wasted by making structural genes when they are not
needed. And there is usually multiple genes that are encoded in a single operon, a
single mrna can contain three or more genes.
Describe the major dna elements that are responsible for the transcription of eukaryotic
structural genes. - correct answer ...
