GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY TEST REVIEW FULLY
ANSWERED #14
Genetically Modified Food - correct answer Food derived from sources that have been
genetically modified (and must be approved) for consumption.
Biotechnology - correct answer A broad area of science involving many different
disciplines designed to use living organisms or their products to perform valuable
industrial or manufacturing processes or applications that will solve problems.
Selective Breeding - correct answer Mating organisms with desired features to produce
offspring with the same characteristics.
Genetic Engineering - correct answer The process of altering an organism's DNA. This
is usually by design.
Recombinant DNA Technology - correct answer Technique that allows DNA to be
combined from different sources; also called gene or DNA splicing. Recombinant DNA
is an important technique for many gene-cloning applications.
Human Genome Project - correct answer An international effort with overall scientific
goals of identifying all human genes and determining (mapping) their locations to each
human chromosome.
Genome - correct answer All the gene's in an organism's DNA.
Gene Therapy - correct answer The use of therapeutic genes to treat or cure a disease
process; also refers to the delivery of genes to improve a person's health.
Transgenic Animals - correct answer Animals that contain genes from another source.
For instance, human genes for clotting proteins can be introduced into cowsfor the
production of these proteins in their milk.
Biotechnology - correct answer A field of biology that involves the use of
Living things in engineering, technology, medicine, etc.
Transgenics - correct answer The study and practice of genetic modification by inserting
genes from one species into the genetic material of another species. This can produce
a new "designed" species.
Gene therapy - correct answer The treatment of disease by either replacing damaged or
abnormal genes with normal ones, or by providing new genetic instructions to help fight
disease, eg, cancer.
, Cloning - correct answer The process of creating exact copies of a DNA strand using
various technologies. The DNA can then be used to make a genetically identical copy of
an organism.
Extinct species - correct answer A species that has died out completely
DNA fingerprinting - correct answer A technique for identifying individual organisms
based upon the uniqueness of their DNA pattern. The technique has applications in
forensics, paternity testing, anthropology, conservation biology and ecological research.
Genetic engineering - correct answer The deliberate modification of the genetic
structure of an organism to produce changes in organisms
Recombinant DNA - correct answer Genetically engineered DNA made by recombining
fragments of DNA from different organisms
Human Genome Project - correct answer An international scientific research project
with a primary goal to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up
DNA and to identify and map the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes of the human
from both a physical and functional standpoint.
Genetically engineered foods - correct answer A substance that has foreign genes
inserted into its genetic code. Genetic engineering can be done with plants, animals, or
micro-organisms. Scientists can move desired genes from one plant into another, or
even from an animal to a plant or vice versa.
Restriction enzymes - correct answer A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease
is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known
as restriction sites
Sticky end - correct answer a single-stranded end of DNA or RNA having a nucleotide
base sequence complementary to that of another strand, enabling the two strands to be
connected by base pairing: produced in the laboratory with the use of restriction
enzymes for genetic engineering purposes.
Vector - correct answer any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter, as a virus or
plasmid that conveys a genetically engineered DNA segment into a host cell.
Blunt End - correct answer The simplest DNA end of a double stranded molecule is
called a blunt end. In a blunt-ended molecule both strands terminate in a base pair.
Gel Electrophoresis - correct answer Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and
analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on
their size and charge
ANSWERED #14
Genetically Modified Food - correct answer Food derived from sources that have been
genetically modified (and must be approved) for consumption.
Biotechnology - correct answer A broad area of science involving many different
disciplines designed to use living organisms or their products to perform valuable
industrial or manufacturing processes or applications that will solve problems.
Selective Breeding - correct answer Mating organisms with desired features to produce
offspring with the same characteristics.
Genetic Engineering - correct answer The process of altering an organism's DNA. This
is usually by design.
Recombinant DNA Technology - correct answer Technique that allows DNA to be
combined from different sources; also called gene or DNA splicing. Recombinant DNA
is an important technique for many gene-cloning applications.
Human Genome Project - correct answer An international effort with overall scientific
goals of identifying all human genes and determining (mapping) their locations to each
human chromosome.
Genome - correct answer All the gene's in an organism's DNA.
Gene Therapy - correct answer The use of therapeutic genes to treat or cure a disease
process; also refers to the delivery of genes to improve a person's health.
Transgenic Animals - correct answer Animals that contain genes from another source.
For instance, human genes for clotting proteins can be introduced into cowsfor the
production of these proteins in their milk.
Biotechnology - correct answer A field of biology that involves the use of
Living things in engineering, technology, medicine, etc.
Transgenics - correct answer The study and practice of genetic modification by inserting
genes from one species into the genetic material of another species. This can produce
a new "designed" species.
Gene therapy - correct answer The treatment of disease by either replacing damaged or
abnormal genes with normal ones, or by providing new genetic instructions to help fight
disease, eg, cancer.
, Cloning - correct answer The process of creating exact copies of a DNA strand using
various technologies. The DNA can then be used to make a genetically identical copy of
an organism.
Extinct species - correct answer A species that has died out completely
DNA fingerprinting - correct answer A technique for identifying individual organisms
based upon the uniqueness of their DNA pattern. The technique has applications in
forensics, paternity testing, anthropology, conservation biology and ecological research.
Genetic engineering - correct answer The deliberate modification of the genetic
structure of an organism to produce changes in organisms
Recombinant DNA - correct answer Genetically engineered DNA made by recombining
fragments of DNA from different organisms
Human Genome Project - correct answer An international scientific research project
with a primary goal to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up
DNA and to identify and map the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes of the human
from both a physical and functional standpoint.
Genetically engineered foods - correct answer A substance that has foreign genes
inserted into its genetic code. Genetic engineering can be done with plants, animals, or
micro-organisms. Scientists can move desired genes from one plant into another, or
even from an animal to a plant or vice versa.
Restriction enzymes - correct answer A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease
is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known
as restriction sites
Sticky end - correct answer a single-stranded end of DNA or RNA having a nucleotide
base sequence complementary to that of another strand, enabling the two strands to be
connected by base pairing: produced in the laboratory with the use of restriction
enzymes for genetic engineering purposes.
Vector - correct answer any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter, as a virus or
plasmid that conveys a genetically engineered DNA segment into a host cell.
Blunt End - correct answer The simplest DNA end of a double stranded molecule is
called a blunt end. In a blunt-ended molecule both strands terminate in a base pair.
Gel Electrophoresis - correct answer Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and
analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on
their size and charge
