NSG 504 Exam 1 Elaborate Questions with
Correct and Detailed Answers
1. What is the yolk sac and its purpose? - ANSWER produces primitive red
blood cells
will soon be incorporated into the umbilical cord
2. During what phase is the embryo most vulnerable to teratogens? - ANSWER
embryonic
3. Main development milestones for week 3 - ANSWER 3 germ layers
heart beats day 21
neural rube begins closing
4. Main developmental milestones week 4 - ANSWER neural tube closure
heart partitions
esophagus and trachea separate
respiratory tract develops
liver and biliary tract develops
5. Main developmental milestones weeks 9-12 - ANSWER 1 inch long embryo
veins visible
heart divides into right and left chambers
,6. Main developmental milestones week 12-16 - ANSWER feus 2 1/2 - 3
inches long
swallows
kicks
all organs and muscles formed
7. Main developmental milestones weeks 16-20 - ANSWER baby covered in
lanugo
heartbeat heard clearly
8. Main developmental milestones weeks 20-24 - ANSWER protective coating
called vernix cases forms on fetus's skin
8 inches long
almost 1 pound
9. Main developmental milestones weeks 24-28 - ANSWER lungs fill with
amniotic fluid
fetus responds to sound - 24 weeks
eyebrows and eyelids visible- 28 weeks
lecithin forms on alveolar surfaces
27cm crown to rump and weighs 2 lbs 7 ounces
10.Main developmental milestones weeks 32-36 - ANSWER fetus gains about
half a lb a week
fat piles on
weighs about 4-6 lbs
,11.Main developmental milestones weeks 36-40 - ANSWER meconium
accumulates
fetus weighs approx 7 lbs 8 ounces
12.What is the name of the maternal and fetal side of the placenta? - ANSWER
maternal- desidua
fetal- chorion
13.What are the immunologic functions of the placenta? - ANSWER protects
fetus from certain pathogens
prevention rejection by the mother
does allow most viruses, some bacteria, pollutants, and drugs to cross the
membranes
14.What are the endocrine functions of the placenta? - ANSWER produces
hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone
15.How does blood flow in the placenta? - ANSWER maternal side; uterine
spiral arteries supply oxygenated blood from the mother these vessels pass
through the myometrium of the uterus into the decidua
fetal side: umbilical veins picks up oxygenated blood and umbilical arteries
return deoxygenated blood
16.What is the intervillous space? - ANSWER chorionic villi between the
decidua and chorion
, 17.What are the names of the fetal shunts? - ANSWER ductus venosus
ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale
18.What is the purpose of the fetal shunts? - ANSWER permits most blood to
bypass the liver and the lungs
19.What is the role of the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWER blood shunted from
pulmonary artery --> aorta so blood bypasses lungs
20.What is the role of the ductus venosus? - ANSWER umbilical vein reaches
liver, some oxygenated blood goes to liver, and most is shunted through
ductus venosus into the inferior vena cava --> right atrium
21.What is the role of the foramen ovale? - ANSWER shunts blood from right
atrium to left atrium
22.What is progesterone's role in pregnancy? - ANSWER maintains
endometrial layer (for implantation)
prevents tissue rejection of the fetus
stimulates development of lobes and lobules of breast
facilitates deposition of maternal fat stores
raises respiratory sensitivity of CO2
relaxes all smooth muscle (uterus, GI, renal, vascular)
23.What is estrogen's role in pregnancy? - ANSWER stimulates uterine growth
increased blood flow
Correct and Detailed Answers
1. What is the yolk sac and its purpose? - ANSWER produces primitive red
blood cells
will soon be incorporated into the umbilical cord
2. During what phase is the embryo most vulnerable to teratogens? - ANSWER
embryonic
3. Main development milestones for week 3 - ANSWER 3 germ layers
heart beats day 21
neural rube begins closing
4. Main developmental milestones week 4 - ANSWER neural tube closure
heart partitions
esophagus and trachea separate
respiratory tract develops
liver and biliary tract develops
5. Main developmental milestones weeks 9-12 - ANSWER 1 inch long embryo
veins visible
heart divides into right and left chambers
,6. Main developmental milestones week 12-16 - ANSWER feus 2 1/2 - 3
inches long
swallows
kicks
all organs and muscles formed
7. Main developmental milestones weeks 16-20 - ANSWER baby covered in
lanugo
heartbeat heard clearly
8. Main developmental milestones weeks 20-24 - ANSWER protective coating
called vernix cases forms on fetus's skin
8 inches long
almost 1 pound
9. Main developmental milestones weeks 24-28 - ANSWER lungs fill with
amniotic fluid
fetus responds to sound - 24 weeks
eyebrows and eyelids visible- 28 weeks
lecithin forms on alveolar surfaces
27cm crown to rump and weighs 2 lbs 7 ounces
10.Main developmental milestones weeks 32-36 - ANSWER fetus gains about
half a lb a week
fat piles on
weighs about 4-6 lbs
,11.Main developmental milestones weeks 36-40 - ANSWER meconium
accumulates
fetus weighs approx 7 lbs 8 ounces
12.What is the name of the maternal and fetal side of the placenta? - ANSWER
maternal- desidua
fetal- chorion
13.What are the immunologic functions of the placenta? - ANSWER protects
fetus from certain pathogens
prevention rejection by the mother
does allow most viruses, some bacteria, pollutants, and drugs to cross the
membranes
14.What are the endocrine functions of the placenta? - ANSWER produces
hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone
15.How does blood flow in the placenta? - ANSWER maternal side; uterine
spiral arteries supply oxygenated blood from the mother these vessels pass
through the myometrium of the uterus into the decidua
fetal side: umbilical veins picks up oxygenated blood and umbilical arteries
return deoxygenated blood
16.What is the intervillous space? - ANSWER chorionic villi between the
decidua and chorion
, 17.What are the names of the fetal shunts? - ANSWER ductus venosus
ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale
18.What is the purpose of the fetal shunts? - ANSWER permits most blood to
bypass the liver and the lungs
19.What is the role of the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWER blood shunted from
pulmonary artery --> aorta so blood bypasses lungs
20.What is the role of the ductus venosus? - ANSWER umbilical vein reaches
liver, some oxygenated blood goes to liver, and most is shunted through
ductus venosus into the inferior vena cava --> right atrium
21.What is the role of the foramen ovale? - ANSWER shunts blood from right
atrium to left atrium
22.What is progesterone's role in pregnancy? - ANSWER maintains
endometrial layer (for implantation)
prevents tissue rejection of the fetus
stimulates development of lobes and lobules of breast
facilitates deposition of maternal fat stores
raises respiratory sensitivity of CO2
relaxes all smooth muscle (uterus, GI, renal, vascular)
23.What is estrogen's role in pregnancy? - ANSWER stimulates uterine growth
increased blood flow
