CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026
V4R - ANSWERS-Performed when a patient is suspected of
having an inferior STEMI with right-sided involvement.
PVC presentation on an ECG - ANSWERS-- Occurs earlier
than the next expected sinus complex followed by a
compensatory pause.
- No P-Wave
- Wide QRS
- T-Wave is usually opposite of direction of QRS
1st Degree Heart Block - ANSWERS-Each impulse reaching
the AV node is delayed longer than normal resulting in a
constant, prolonged PRI.
,Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism - ANSWERS-
Classic Presentation: Sudden dyspnea , cyanosis, and a
sharp pain in the chest. Tachycardia and Tachypneic.
Hallmark Sign: Cyanosis does not resolve with Oxygen
therapy.
Anatomy of the Brain ** - ANSWERS-Cerebrum:
- Largest part of the brain
- Composed of the cerebral cortex (Frontal, Parietal,
Temporal, Occipital)
- White and grey matter
- Basal Ganglia in gray matter. Responsible for control of the
body's motor tone, automatic movements, and specific
body movement sequences.
- Divided into right and left hemispheres divided by the
corpus collosum
Diencephalon:
- Composed of epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and
subthalamus.
- Pituitary Glad: Synthesizes melatonin
,- Thalamus: Sensory Switchboard to receiving and relaying
sensory information to the sensory cortex for processing.
Makes up 80% of diencephalon.
- Hypothalamus: Emotions and sexuality, temperature
regulatory, controls pituitary
- Subthalamus: Controls motor functions
Cerebellum:
- Second largest part of the brain
- Responsible for interpreting movement and correcting any
movements that interfere coordination and body position.
- Parkinson Disease is an example of cerebellar dysfunction.
Brainstem:
- Midbrain: Coordinates motor activity and muscular tone.
Relay for impulses from cerebral cortex to pons and spinal
cord.
- Pons: Plays role in body's arousal and sleep cycles.
Contains respiratory centers that control movements
associated with breathing. Relay for afferent and efferent
nerve fibers.
- Medulla: Contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory
center. Cardiac: altering HR and strength of cardiac
, contractions. Vasomotor: Regulates diameter of blood
vessels to regulate BP. Respiratory: Regulates breathing.
Also has centers for coughing, sneezing, vomiting,
swallowing, and hiccupping.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine - ANSWERS-Epinephrine:
- Catecholamine stimulating alpha, beta-1, and beta-2
receptors.
- Can dramatically increase cardiac workload and myocardial
oxygen demand.
- Can be administered by IV, IO, IM, subcutaneous,
endotracheal, and nebulized routes.
Norepinephrine:
- Catecholamine stimulating beta-1 and alpha receptors.
- Vasoconstrictor effects (alpha) are much greater than its
cardiac (beta-1) effects.
- Primarily a vassopressor.
- Restores intravascular volume.
- Ideal medication for distributive shock and hypotension.
- Administered only by continuous IV infusion.