ABO Exam Latest 2026 – 2027 Complete
Answers 100% Correct
The extra-ocular muscles are inserted into the sclera and serve to rotate the eye in all
possible directions. There are _______of these muscles. - ANSWER >>Six
The fibrous tunic is comprised of the: - ANSWER>>Sclera and cornea
Fusion occurs: - ANSWER>>In the brain
The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by: - ANSWER>>The ciliary body
The ability of the eye to bring objects of varying distances to focus on the retina is
known as: - ANSWER>>Accommodation
When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus
behind the retina. This condition is known as: - ANSWER>>Hyperopia
Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the: - ANSWER>>Optic nerve
That area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is: -
ANSWER>>Fovea centralis
The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately: - ANSWER>>43 diopters
The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is: - ANSWER>>The epithelium
Night vision is chiefly a function of the: - ANSWER>>Rods
A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward while the eyes are in a position of rest is
known as: - ANSWER>>Esophoria
A "farsighted" eye is one that is: - ANSWER>>Hyperopic
The term used to indicate "double vision" is: - ANSWER>>Diplopia
The condition in which the ability to accommodate for near vision becomes inadequate
because of loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens is called: - ANSWER>>Presbyopia
When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye it is known as: -
,ANSWER>>Amblyopia
A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is
called: - ANSWER>>Astigmatism
The condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye gradually loses its transparency
with consequent loss of visual acuity is known as: - ANSWER>>Cataract
An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in
intraocular pressure. - ANSWER>>Glaucoma
The space between the front of the iris and the innermost portion of the cornea (the
endothelium), this space is filled with aqueous. - ANSWER>>Anterior chamber
A tendency of one eye to deviate upward is: - ANSWER>>Hyperphoria
The layer of the cornea which comprises ninety percent of its thickness is: -
ANSWER>>The stroma
A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the
other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic)
is known as: - ANSWER>>Anisometropia
The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina is: -
ANSWER>>Compound hyperopic astigmatism
The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to
many focal points on the retina is known as: - ANSWER>>Irregular astigmatism
The index of refraction of the crystalline lens is: - ANSWER>>1.42
The index of refraction of the cornea is: - ANSWER>>1.37
Myopia means the eye
A. is nearsighted
B. has distance blur
C. requires a (-) minus lens
D. all of the above - ANSWER>>D. all of the above
The Retina contains
A. lab tools
B. lens information
,C. light receptors
D. understock of frames - ANSWER>>C. light receptors
Hyperopic people have difficulty seeing
A. distance objects
B. near objects
C. everything
D. nothing - ANSWER>>B. near objects
How many ranges of vision do bifocals provide?
A. one
B. Three
C. Two
D. Infinite - ANSWER>>C. Two
The top portion of a bifocal allows wearers to see:
A. objects in the distance
B. a & c
C. objects beyond arm's length
D. objects up to 18 inches - ANSWER>>B. a & c
Characteristics of a plus (+) lens include:
A. thin center
B. minifies objects
C. converges light rays
D. corrects myopia - ANSWER>>C. converges light rays
Polycarbonate lens material is:
A. heavy
B. tintable
C. most impact resistant material
D. totally scratch resistant - ANSWER>>C. most impact resistant material
Which of the following would be considered a lens enhancement?
A. polycarbonate
B. anti-reflective coating
C. progressive
D. thin center - ANSWER>>B. anti-reflective coating
Ultraviolet protection (UV) is not important to
A. children
B. women
C. elderly patients
, D. none of the above - ANSWER>>D. none of the above
The following information is required on a written prescription:
A. doctor's name
B. doctor's signature
C. date
D. all of the above - ANSWER>>D. all of the above
The front surface of lenses can be measured using a ____________. -
ANSWER>>Lens clock (Geneva lens measurer).
High plus lenses will produce _________________ distortion while high minus lenses
will produce _____________ distortion. - ANSWER>>Pin cushion and barrel.
The unit of measurement for a wavelength of light is called _____________. -
ANSWER>>Nano-meters (nm)
The speed at which light travels is ______________, while _______________ refers to
the number of wave vibrations per second. - ANSWER>>Velocity, Frequency.
Give the wavelength range for UVA: __________ UVB: __________ UVC:
___________. - ANSWER>>UVA: 315-380 nm
UVB: 290-315 nm
UVC: 210-290 nm
Wavelengths in the ______________ colored part of the spectrum are thought to
provide the clearest vision. - ANSWER>>Green
The focal length of a .50 D lens is _________________. - ANSWER>>2 meters.
There are _________________ millimeters in one meter. - ANSWER>>One thousand
The color in the visible spectrum with the shortest wavelength is _________________. -
ANSWER>>Violet
Wavelengths that are "in phase" produce:
A. destructive interference
B. high frequencies
C. a big reflection
D. no reflection - ANSWER>>C. a big reflection
Anti-reflective coating causes an ______________ situation. - ANSWER>>out of phase
Answers 100% Correct
The extra-ocular muscles are inserted into the sclera and serve to rotate the eye in all
possible directions. There are _______of these muscles. - ANSWER >>Six
The fibrous tunic is comprised of the: - ANSWER>>Sclera and cornea
Fusion occurs: - ANSWER>>In the brain
The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by: - ANSWER>>The ciliary body
The ability of the eye to bring objects of varying distances to focus on the retina is
known as: - ANSWER>>Accommodation
When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus
behind the retina. This condition is known as: - ANSWER>>Hyperopia
Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the: - ANSWER>>Optic nerve
That area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is: -
ANSWER>>Fovea centralis
The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately: - ANSWER>>43 diopters
The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is: - ANSWER>>The epithelium
Night vision is chiefly a function of the: - ANSWER>>Rods
A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward while the eyes are in a position of rest is
known as: - ANSWER>>Esophoria
A "farsighted" eye is one that is: - ANSWER>>Hyperopic
The term used to indicate "double vision" is: - ANSWER>>Diplopia
The condition in which the ability to accommodate for near vision becomes inadequate
because of loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens is called: - ANSWER>>Presbyopia
When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye it is known as: -
,ANSWER>>Amblyopia
A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is
called: - ANSWER>>Astigmatism
The condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye gradually loses its transparency
with consequent loss of visual acuity is known as: - ANSWER>>Cataract
An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in
intraocular pressure. - ANSWER>>Glaucoma
The space between the front of the iris and the innermost portion of the cornea (the
endothelium), this space is filled with aqueous. - ANSWER>>Anterior chamber
A tendency of one eye to deviate upward is: - ANSWER>>Hyperphoria
The layer of the cornea which comprises ninety percent of its thickness is: -
ANSWER>>The stroma
A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the
other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic)
is known as: - ANSWER>>Anisometropia
The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina is: -
ANSWER>>Compound hyperopic astigmatism
The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to
many focal points on the retina is known as: - ANSWER>>Irregular astigmatism
The index of refraction of the crystalline lens is: - ANSWER>>1.42
The index of refraction of the cornea is: - ANSWER>>1.37
Myopia means the eye
A. is nearsighted
B. has distance blur
C. requires a (-) minus lens
D. all of the above - ANSWER>>D. all of the above
The Retina contains
A. lab tools
B. lens information
,C. light receptors
D. understock of frames - ANSWER>>C. light receptors
Hyperopic people have difficulty seeing
A. distance objects
B. near objects
C. everything
D. nothing - ANSWER>>B. near objects
How many ranges of vision do bifocals provide?
A. one
B. Three
C. Two
D. Infinite - ANSWER>>C. Two
The top portion of a bifocal allows wearers to see:
A. objects in the distance
B. a & c
C. objects beyond arm's length
D. objects up to 18 inches - ANSWER>>B. a & c
Characteristics of a plus (+) lens include:
A. thin center
B. minifies objects
C. converges light rays
D. corrects myopia - ANSWER>>C. converges light rays
Polycarbonate lens material is:
A. heavy
B. tintable
C. most impact resistant material
D. totally scratch resistant - ANSWER>>C. most impact resistant material
Which of the following would be considered a lens enhancement?
A. polycarbonate
B. anti-reflective coating
C. progressive
D. thin center - ANSWER>>B. anti-reflective coating
Ultraviolet protection (UV) is not important to
A. children
B. women
C. elderly patients
, D. none of the above - ANSWER>>D. none of the above
The following information is required on a written prescription:
A. doctor's name
B. doctor's signature
C. date
D. all of the above - ANSWER>>D. all of the above
The front surface of lenses can be measured using a ____________. -
ANSWER>>Lens clock (Geneva lens measurer).
High plus lenses will produce _________________ distortion while high minus lenses
will produce _____________ distortion. - ANSWER>>Pin cushion and barrel.
The unit of measurement for a wavelength of light is called _____________. -
ANSWER>>Nano-meters (nm)
The speed at which light travels is ______________, while _______________ refers to
the number of wave vibrations per second. - ANSWER>>Velocity, Frequency.
Give the wavelength range for UVA: __________ UVB: __________ UVC:
___________. - ANSWER>>UVA: 315-380 nm
UVB: 290-315 nm
UVC: 210-290 nm
Wavelengths in the ______________ colored part of the spectrum are thought to
provide the clearest vision. - ANSWER>>Green
The focal length of a .50 D lens is _________________. - ANSWER>>2 meters.
There are _________________ millimeters in one meter. - ANSWER>>One thousand
The color in the visible spectrum with the shortest wavelength is _________________. -
ANSWER>>Violet
Wavelengths that are "in phase" produce:
A. destructive interference
B. high frequencies
C. a big reflection
D. no reflection - ANSWER>>C. a big reflection
Anti-reflective coating causes an ______________ situation. - ANSWER>>out of phase
