1|Page
NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 2 LATEST 3 VERSIONS ALL QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ - 2025
1. Which type of necrosis is typically seen in myocardial infarction?
A) Liquefactive
B) Coagulative
C) Fat
D) Caseous
Answer: B
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in solid organs like the heart.
2. True or False: Reactive oxygen species contribute to cellular injury by lipid peroxidation,
protein damage, and DNA mutations.
Answer: True
3. Klinefelter syndrome results from:
A) Trisomy 21
B) 47, XXY
C) Turner syndrome
D) 45, X
Answer: B
4. Which inflammatory mediator is primarily responsible for fever?
A) IL-1
B) IL-10
C) TNF-β
D) Histamine
Answer: A
5. True or False: Type III hypersensitivity is immune complex-mediated.
Answer: True
UPDATED exam 2026
,2|Page
6. A patient presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and poor skin turgor. What type of shock is
most likely?
A) Cardiogenic
B) Hypovolemic
C) Neurogenic
D) Septic
Answer: B
7. Which lab finding is consistent with respiratory alkalosis?
A) pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg
B) pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg
C) pH 7.32, HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L
D) pH 7.50, HCO₃⁻ 30 mEq/L
Answer: A
8. True or False: Apoptosis plays a critical role in eliminating damaged or mutated cells,
preventing cancer.
Answer: True
9. In heart failure, elevated BNP indicates:
A) Myocardial stretch
B) Dehydration
C) Infection
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A
10. A patient has metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap. Which condition is likely?
A) Lactic acidosis
B) Vomiting
UPDATED exam 2026
,3|Page
C) Hyperventilation
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A
11. True or False: Type I diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Answer: True
12. Hyperthyroidism often results in:
A) Weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance
B) Weight gain and bradycardia
C) Hypotension and cold intolerance
D) Hyperpigmentation and hypoglycemia
Answer: A
13. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause peaked T waves on ECG?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypernatremia
Answer: A
14. True or False: Pulmonary embolism increases right ventricular afterload and can cause acute
right-sided heart failure.
Answer: True
15. Which acid-base disorder is caused by vomiting?
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
UPDATED exam 2026
, 4|Page
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: A
16. True or False: In CKD, phosphate retention and hypocalcemia lead to secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Answer: True
17. A patient presents with jaundice, RUQ pain, and elevated conjugated bilirubin. Likely
mechanism:
A) Cholestasis
B) Hepatocellular injury
C) Hemolysis
D) Viral infection only
Answer: A
18. Which cell type is the first responder in acute bacterial infection?
A) Neutrophils
B) T lymphocytes
C) B lymphocytes
D) Macrophages
Answer: A
19. True or False: Epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression without changing the DNA
sequence.
Answer: True
UPDATED exam 2026
NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 2 LATEST 3 VERSIONS ALL QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ - 2025
1. Which type of necrosis is typically seen in myocardial infarction?
A) Liquefactive
B) Coagulative
C) Fat
D) Caseous
Answer: B
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in solid organs like the heart.
2. True or False: Reactive oxygen species contribute to cellular injury by lipid peroxidation,
protein damage, and DNA mutations.
Answer: True
3. Klinefelter syndrome results from:
A) Trisomy 21
B) 47, XXY
C) Turner syndrome
D) 45, X
Answer: B
4. Which inflammatory mediator is primarily responsible for fever?
A) IL-1
B) IL-10
C) TNF-β
D) Histamine
Answer: A
5. True or False: Type III hypersensitivity is immune complex-mediated.
Answer: True
UPDATED exam 2026
,2|Page
6. A patient presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and poor skin turgor. What type of shock is
most likely?
A) Cardiogenic
B) Hypovolemic
C) Neurogenic
D) Septic
Answer: B
7. Which lab finding is consistent with respiratory alkalosis?
A) pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg
B) pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg
C) pH 7.32, HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L
D) pH 7.50, HCO₃⁻ 30 mEq/L
Answer: A
8. True or False: Apoptosis plays a critical role in eliminating damaged or mutated cells,
preventing cancer.
Answer: True
9. In heart failure, elevated BNP indicates:
A) Myocardial stretch
B) Dehydration
C) Infection
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A
10. A patient has metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap. Which condition is likely?
A) Lactic acidosis
B) Vomiting
UPDATED exam 2026
,3|Page
C) Hyperventilation
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A
11. True or False: Type I diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Answer: True
12. Hyperthyroidism often results in:
A) Weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance
B) Weight gain and bradycardia
C) Hypotension and cold intolerance
D) Hyperpigmentation and hypoglycemia
Answer: A
13. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause peaked T waves on ECG?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypernatremia
Answer: A
14. True or False: Pulmonary embolism increases right ventricular afterload and can cause acute
right-sided heart failure.
Answer: True
15. Which acid-base disorder is caused by vomiting?
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
UPDATED exam 2026
, 4|Page
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: A
16. True or False: In CKD, phosphate retention and hypocalcemia lead to secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Answer: True
17. A patient presents with jaundice, RUQ pain, and elevated conjugated bilirubin. Likely
mechanism:
A) Cholestasis
B) Hepatocellular injury
C) Hemolysis
D) Viral infection only
Answer: A
18. Which cell type is the first responder in acute bacterial infection?
A) Neutrophils
B) T lymphocytes
C) B lymphocytes
D) Macrophages
Answer: A
19. True or False: Epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression without changing the DNA
sequence.
Answer: True
UPDATED exam 2026
