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1. NIH Stroke Scale: 11 item neurological exam used to quantify the effects of acute cerebral
ischemia on levels
of -consciousness -vision -motor function (facial and extremities)-cerebellar function -sensation
-language -extinction or inattention
2. NIHSS exam rules: -administer scale items in their exact order-avoid coaching the patient -
accept patient's first effort -score only what the patient does -be consistent -include all deficits
in scoring, including what might have been from previous stroke
3. itme 1a: level of consciousness
0 - alert
1 - not alert; aroused with minor verbal stimulation
2 - not alert; requires strong or painful stimulation
3 - reflex movements only or totally unresponsive
(pt scoring a 3 is generally considered to be in a coma)
4. how to score 1a: -ask the patient 2 or 3 questions about the circumstances of the admission -
stimulate the patient by padding or tapping on patient -or a more noxious stimuli such as
pinching
5. scoring a 3 on item 1a: -pr soaring a 3 is generally considered to be in a coma -a 3 is scored
only if the patient makes no movement other than reflexive posturing in response to noxious
stimulation -score of 3 has an impact on scoring other items
6. item 1b: level of consciousness: questions-based on patient's answers on 2 specific
questions:-the month of the year -pt's age
1/6
-by definition, pt unable to communicate bc of endotracheal intubation, oral tracheal trauma,
severe dysarthria from
, NEURO: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) Questions with
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any cause, a language barrier, or any other problem not secondary to aphasia are scored a 1 -pt
who scores a 3 on item 1a must be scored a 2 -aphasic and stuporous pt who do not
comprehend the questions will score a 2 -comatous pt will score a 2
7. scoring item 1b: 0 - answers both questions correctly
1 - answers 1 question correctly
2 - answers neither question correctly
8. tips on item 1b: -a pt who can not speak may be able to write the answer -pt who gives an
incorrect answer and corrects himself is an incorrect answer -giving date of birth when asked for
age is a wrong answer
9. item 1c: level of consciousness: commands -be sure to position eyes and hands in testable
position before asking 2 questions -"close your eyes for me, now open them"-"now make a fist
with your hand, now open them" -may repeat the command once, but do not coach or
encourage -may use visual cues
10. scoring item 1c: 0 - performs both tasks correctly
1 - performs 1 task correctly
2 - performs neither task correctly
11. tips on item 1c: -give credit if a real attempt is made but not completed simply due to
weakness
12. item 2: best gaze; testing for partial gaze palsy -tests voluntary horizontal eye movements -
first look at the position of the eyes at rest, note spontaneous eye movements to the left or the
right -next, move your finger horizontally asking the pt to track your finger from side to side by
moving the eyes only -with patient's poor attention spans, establish eye contact and move your
face around the pt from side to side
13. scoring item 2: 0 - normal
1 - partial gaze palsy
2 - forced deviation
14. tips with item 2: -score a 2 when there is a forced deviation or total gaze paresis not
overcome by