SOP3004 – Exam 2 – Florida State University – 2026 | Self-Concept, Motivation & Mindset Study Guide A+ Graded

SOP3004 – Exam 2 – Florida State University – 2026 | Self-Concept, Motivation & Mindset Study Guide A+ Graded Self-Concept The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes Independent View of the Self A way of defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of other people Interdependent View of the Self A way of defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other people, recognizing that one's behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others Introspection The process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives Self-Awareness Theory The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values Causal Theories Theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors; often we learn such theories from our culture (e.g., 'absence makes the heart grow fonder') Self-Perception Theory The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs Two-Factor Theory of Emotion The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it Misattribution of Arousal The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do Intrinsic Motivation The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures Extrinsic Motivation The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting Overjustification Effect The tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons Task-Contingent Rewards Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how well the task is done Performance-Contingent Rewards Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task Fixed Mindset The idea that we have a set amount of an ability that cannot change Growth Mindset The idea that achievement is the result of working hard, trying new strategies, and seeking input from others Social Comparison Theory The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people Upward Social Comparison Comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are with regard to a particular trait or ability Downward Social Comparison Comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are with regard to a particular trait or ability Self-Control The ability to subdue immediate desires to achieve long-term goals Implementat