MAN4054 Exam 1 Study Guide | Technology,
Innovation & Organizational Creativity|Questions
Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest
Updated 2026
Technology
refers to the theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, and artifacts that can be used to
develop products and services as well as their production and delivery systems
Technological Innovation
the act of introducing a new device, method, or material for application to commercial or
practical objectives (solves a problem); it is costly
Successful Technological Innovation
technological innovation that has surplus value over the original investment
Innovation is often the result of being ____________
empathetic
Technological innovation for firms has lead to:
- shorter product lifecycles (more rapid obsolescence)
- more rapid new product introductions
- greater market segment
_________ is a source of innovation
creativity
Creativity
the ability to produce work that is useful and novel
Organizational Creativity
not a sum of individuals, rather also a function of social processes
Methods of Organizational Creativity
- idea collection systems
- creativity training programs
- culture
- crowd-sourcing platforms
, Inventors
- innovation (creativity + resources + expertise)
- curious (interested in problems)
- question the assumptions
- think all knowledge is unified
User Innovation
- users have a deep understanding of their own needs, and motivation
- often create innovations for their own use
Science Push Approaches (R&D by Firms)
suggest that innovation proceeds from scientific discovery
Demand Pull Approaches (R&D by Firms)
argues that innovation originates with unmet customer need
Research and Development by Firms
- research = basic and applied research
- development = activities that apply knowledge to produce useful devices, materials, or
processes
Who would be most interested in basic research?
- firms
- governments/universities
- foundations
Industrial Production Cluster
critical masses (in one place) of unusual competitive success in particular fields
Co-locating in a Cluster:
- increases productivity
- drive direction and pace of innovation
- stimulates motivation & measurement
- work collectively: create standards
Advantages of Co-locating
- Knowledge exchange and complementarities
- Local labor pool gets specialization and experience
Innovation & Organizational Creativity|Questions
Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest
Updated 2026
Technology
refers to the theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, and artifacts that can be used to
develop products and services as well as their production and delivery systems
Technological Innovation
the act of introducing a new device, method, or material for application to commercial or
practical objectives (solves a problem); it is costly
Successful Technological Innovation
technological innovation that has surplus value over the original investment
Innovation is often the result of being ____________
empathetic
Technological innovation for firms has lead to:
- shorter product lifecycles (more rapid obsolescence)
- more rapid new product introductions
- greater market segment
_________ is a source of innovation
creativity
Creativity
the ability to produce work that is useful and novel
Organizational Creativity
not a sum of individuals, rather also a function of social processes
Methods of Organizational Creativity
- idea collection systems
- creativity training programs
- culture
- crowd-sourcing platforms
, Inventors
- innovation (creativity + resources + expertise)
- curious (interested in problems)
- question the assumptions
- think all knowledge is unified
User Innovation
- users have a deep understanding of their own needs, and motivation
- often create innovations for their own use
Science Push Approaches (R&D by Firms)
suggest that innovation proceeds from scientific discovery
Demand Pull Approaches (R&D by Firms)
argues that innovation originates with unmet customer need
Research and Development by Firms
- research = basic and applied research
- development = activities that apply knowledge to produce useful devices, materials, or
processes
Who would be most interested in basic research?
- firms
- governments/universities
- foundations
Industrial Production Cluster
critical masses (in one place) of unusual competitive success in particular fields
Co-locating in a Cluster:
- increases productivity
- drive direction and pace of innovation
- stimulates motivation & measurement
- work collectively: create standards
Advantages of Co-locating
- Knowledge exchange and complementarities
- Local labor pool gets specialization and experience
